Doctoral Dissertation Research: Shared food sources and microbial transmission in primates and bats

博士论文研究:灵长类动物和蝙蝠的共享食物来源和微生物传播

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    2235703
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 1.8万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2023-05-01 至 2025-04-30
  • 项目状态:
    未结题

项目摘要

Understanding the factors that influence nonhuman primate (NHP) biology and health is essential for human global health efforts because NHPs are models for human evolution, play key roles in global ecosystems, and can transmit diseases to humans. Commensal microbes in the gut play an important role in immunity, and both microbes and microbial genes involved in host defense can be acquired from the environment. Microbes that colonize hosts carrying zoonoses (diseases which can be transmitted to humans) may evolve defenses against these pathogens that can be transmitted to other hosts in the same ecosystem. This doctoral dissertation research project investigates the transmission of commensal microbes (and their genes) between three groups of organisms known to play roles in zoonotic transmission: bats, baboons, and fruits. The results of this study can have important implications for primate health and conservation, scientific understanding of the ecology and evolution of pathogen transmission and immunity, and global health efforts for humans and animals. The project supports K-12 science outreach and undergraduate training and mentoring opportunities in STEM.The ecology of Kinda baboons, a species that often serves as a model system for understanding human evolution, provides a natural experiment for examining microbial transmission. The home range of one habituated Kinda baboon troop overlaps with swamp forest within which 5-10 million straw-colored fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) roost during their seasonal migration between late October and December. During this roosting period, both Eidolon and Kinda baboons feed on local swamp figs and waterberries. Due to Eidolon’s aerial position during roosting and flight, feces, saliva, and urine are dropped to the ground creating opportunity for exposure to these bodily fluids by Kindas either directly or indirectly via the consumption of contaminated fruits (which may act as vectors). The researchers analyze the gut microbiomes of Kinda baboons and fruit flesh microbiomes before, during, and after the migratory arrival of Eidolon, and assess Eidolon gut microbiomes during their roosting period, to address three specific questions: Q1: Does the migratory arrival of Eidolon into KNP alter Kinda baboon gut and fruit flesh microbiomes? Q2: Does the migratory departure of Eidolon from KNP (January-early February) alter Kinda baboon gut and fruit flesh microbiomes? Q3: Do host evolutionary relationships or the environment better explain Kinda baboon gut microbiome structure during the Eidolon roosting period? Both the variety of microorganisms that comprise the microbiomes of each host as well as the functions of microbial genes utilized by the microbes are assessed. The research team then tests for differences in microbiome taxonomic and functional diversity––as well as differences in microbiome structure––across time, across host species, and across Kinda baboon troops with different proximity to Eidolon.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
了解影响非人类灵长类动物 (NHP) 生物学和健康的因素对于人类全球健康工作至关重要,因为 NHP 是人类进化的模型,在全球生态系统中发挥着关键作用,并且可以将疾病传播给人类。微生物和参与宿主防御的微生物基因都可以从环境中获得,定植于携带人畜共患疾病(可传播给人类的疾病)的宿主的微生物可能会进化出针对这些病原体的防御能力。该博士论文研究项目研究了已知在人畜共患传播中发挥作用的三类生物体(蝙蝠、狒狒和水果)之间的共生微生物(及其基因)的传播。这项研究对灵长类动物的健康和保护、对病原体传播和免疫的生态和进化的科学理解以及人类和动物的全球健康工作具有重要意义。该项目支持 K-12 科学推广以及本科生培训和指导机会。 STEM.金达狒狒是一种经常被用作理解人类进化的模型系统的物种,它为研究微生物传播提供了一个自然实验,一群已习惯的金达狒狒的栖息地与沼泽森林重叠,其中有 5-1000 万只。稻草色果蝠 (Eidolon helvum) 在 10 月下旬至 12 月的季节性迁徙期间栖息。以当地沼泽无花果和水莓为食。由于夜灵在栖息和飞行时处于空中位置,粪便、唾液和尿液会掉落到地面,从而为金达斯直接或间接通过食用受污染的水果接触这些体液创造了机会(研究人员分析了 Eidolon 迁徙到达之前、期间和之后的类狒狒和果肉微生物组,并评估了 Eidolon 肠道。问题 1:Eidolon 迁徙到 KNP 是否会改变 Kinda 狒狒肠道和果肉微生物群? Q2:Eidolon 迁徙离开 KNP(1 月至 2 月初)是否会改变 Kinda 狒狒?肠道和果肉微生物组?问题 3:宿主进化关系或环境能更好地解释夜灵栖息期间的狒狒肠道微生物组结构吗?然后,研究小组对构成每个宿主微生物组的微生物种类以及微生物利用的微生物基因的功能进行了测试,以了解微生物组分类和功能多样性的差异以及微生物组的差异。结构——跨时间、跨宿主物种、以及与 Eidolon 距离不同的狒狒部队。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的智力优点和能力进行评估,被认为值得支持。更广泛的影响审查标准。

项目成果

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会议论文数量(0)
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Jason Kamilar其他文献

Midlife symptoms and household stress are associated with fingernail cortisol.
中年症状和家庭压力与指甲皮质醇有关。
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2024
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2.7
  • 作者:
    Peteneinuo Rulu;Elizabeth R Bertone;Jason Kamilar;Meenal Dhall;L. Sievert
  • 通讯作者:
    L. Sievert
Chronic stress, social support, and symptoms at midlife. Is there a buffering effect?
慢性压力、社会支持和中年症状。

Jason Kamilar的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Jason Kamilar', 18)}}的其他基金

Primate gut microbiomes in relationship to behavioral traits
灵长类动物肠道微生物群与行为特征的关系
  • 批准号:
    2141627
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.8万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Effects of Food and Water on Movement and Gut Microbiome Diversity
博士论文研究:食物和水对运动和肠道微生物多样性的影响
  • 批准号:
    2051465
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.8万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Impacts of Anthropogenic Disturbance on Primate Microbiota
博士论文研究:人为干扰对灵长类微生物群的影响
  • 批准号:
    2120509
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.8万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Socio-genomic Evolution of Primates
博士论文研究:灵长类动物的社会基因组进化
  • 批准号:
    1919663
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.8万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Understanding Temporal Variation in Primate Communities: Integrating Data from Extant and Fossil Species
合作研究:了解灵长类动物群落的时间变化:整合现存物种和化石物种的数据
  • 批准号:
    1551799
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.8万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: The evolution of hair and fur: Proximate and ultimate mechanisms shaping primate pelage variation
合作研究:头发和皮毛的进化:塑造灵长类动物皮毛变异的直接和最终机制
  • 批准号:
    1606360
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.8万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: The evolution of hair and fur: Proximate and ultimate mechanisms shaping primate pelage variation
合作研究:头发和皮毛的进化:塑造灵长类动物皮毛变异的直接和最终机制
  • 批准号:
    1354997
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.8万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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细粒度与个性化的学生议论文评价方法研究
  • 批准号:
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基于深度语义理解的生物医学论文临床转化分析研究
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    2022
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