Collaborative Research: The interplay of surface evolution, shallow magmatism, a large hydrothermal system, and hazards at Puyehue-Cordon Caulle Volcanic Complex, Chile

合作研究：智利 Puyehue-Cordon Caulle 火山群地表演化、浅层岩浆作用、大型热液系统和灾害的相互作用

• 批准号: 2317733
• 负责人: Helge Gonnermann
• 金额: $ 24.77万
• 依托单位: William Marsh Rice University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-10-01 至 2028-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2317733&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; interplay; surface; evolution

Volcanic landscapes pose a variety of natural hazards to local and regional communities, including volcanic explosions and outpouring of lava, large-scale land sliding of resulting steep terrains, and the formation of shallow hydrothermal systems. The hydrothermal systems affect water quality and weaken the overlying rocks further increasing the likelihood of major landslides. Larger volcanic eruptions may impact air traffic and therefore disrupt the global economy. Several of these geohazards occurred during the large 2011-12 eruption of Cordón Caulle, Chile, with its volcanic ash plume reaching large parts of South America including Buenos Aires. The natural hazards continue to pose a major risk for the region, because the eruption was accompanied by a shallow intrusion of magma that has established a vigorous hydrothermal system within a steep edifice scarred by numerous large surface cracks, indicative of slope instability. This eruption sequence, the near-surface intrusion, and its surroundings present a unique opportunity to advance our understanding of the genesis and current state of this recently formed intrusion, which serves as a model for near-surface magmatic intrusions globally. The goal of this project is ability to evaluate and understand the natural hazards associated with intrusions, in particular those arising from the interactions between surface processes, hydrothermal, and magmatic processes. Furthermore, the proposed work aims to advance our understanding of how volcanic eruptions transition from explosive to effusive behavior and these transitions may lead to the formation of shallow intrusions. In addition to building a strong US-Chilean collaborative effort with this project, the team will facilitate a large community-research component, where students will be invited to participate in field and other research activities.Subduction zones create volcanic arcs that are dynamic environments of steep terrain built and modified by the interplay between volcanic, plutonic, and landscape processes. Water acts as the key agent for dynamical interactions, in the form of the hydrothermal system that exists in the shallow subsurface and in the form of erosional processes. Understanding of how the magmatic-hydrothermal sphere and surface- and hydrosphere interact when volcanic activity fundamentally alters the landscape on decadal time scales remains a major challenge. The proposed project is centered around the 2011-12 Córdon Caulle laccolith, one of the most dynamic landscapes on Earth. It is unique because of the intersection of an active plutonic and volcanic realm with the shallow subsurface and surface. It affords the opportunity to study ongoing processes that act at the intersection of magma pathways to the surface, shallow magma intrusion, hydrosphere, and surface. The focus will be on enhancing knowledge about laccolith initiation and development through the integration of existing and newly proposed observations with geophysical and geochemical models, in order to ascertain the current state of the system and project its future evolution. The project combines methods of volcanology, geophysics, aqueous geochemistry, and geomorphology. It will add new insight into the internal and external processes that build and modify near-surface intrusions. It aims to answer why buoyant magma, despite having already an open path to the surface, intruded laterally within hundreds of meters of the surface. Beyond exploration of laccolith genesis, the project seeks to provide a basis for assessing its current state and future evolution through the integration of a wide range of existing and newly proposed observations of structure, mass and heat flux in and out of the intrusion, and its surface evolution as modulated by the interior and exterior processes. The project will foster international collaborations that strengthen scientific relationships between the US and Chile. The project will have an open structure that actively broadens the science community working on this volcanic system via a field school component. An outreach component will involve rural middle schools that are directly affected by regional volcanism. This project is jointly funded by Frontier Research in Earth Sciences (FRES) and the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

火山景观对当地和区域社区造成各种自然危害，包括火山爆发和熔岩喷出、陡峭地形的大规模滑坡以及浅层热液系统的形成。热液系统影响水质并削弱上覆水体。岩石进一步增加了大规模火山喷发的可能性，可能会影响空中交通，从而扰乱全球经济。 2011 年 12 月，智利 Cordón Caulle 喷发，火山灰羽流到达包括布宜诺斯艾利斯在内的南美洲大部分地区。自然灾害继续对该地区构成重大风险，因为喷发伴随着岩浆浅层侵入，导致火山喷发。在陡峭的建筑物内建立了一个充满活力的热液系统，该建筑物被许多大的表面裂缝所伤痕累累，这是斜坡不稳定的标志，即近地表的喷发序列。侵入岩及其周围环境为我们提供了一个独特的机会，可以促进我们对最近形成的侵入岩的起源和当前状态的了解，该侵入岩可以作为全球近地表岩浆侵入的模型。该项目的目标是能够评估和了解侵入岩。与入侵相关的自然灾害，特别是由地表过程、热液和岩浆过程之间的相互作用引起的自然灾害。此外，拟议的工作旨在增进我们对火山喷发如何从爆炸行为转变为喷发行为的理解这些转变可能会导致浅层入侵的形成。除了通过该项目建立强大的美国-智利合作努力外，该团队还将促进大型社区研究部分，邀请学生参与实地研究和其他研究。俯冲带形成了火山弧，火山弧是陡峭地形的动态环境，由火山、深成和景观过程之间的相互作用而形成和改变，水以热液系统的形式充当动力相互作用的关键因素。理解当火山活动在十年时间尺度上从根本上改变地貌时，岩浆热液圈与地表和水圈如何相互作用仍然是一个重大挑战。 2011-12 Córdon Caulle laccolith 是地球上最具活力的景观之一，它的独特之处在于活跃的深成岩和火山区域与浅层的交汇。它提供了研究作用于地表岩浆路径、浅层岩浆侵入、水圈和地表的持续过程的机会，重点是通过整合现有的信息来增强有关石岩形成和发育的知识。以及新提出的地球物理和地球化学模型观测，以确定该系统的当前状态并预测其未来的演化，该项目将结合火山学、地球物理学、水地球化学和地貌学的方法。它旨在回答为什么浮力岩浆尽管已经有通往地表的开放路径，但仍横向侵入地表数百米范围内。该项目旨在通过整合对侵入体内外的结构、质量和热通量及其调制的表面演化的广泛现有和新提出的观测结果，为评估其当前状态和未来演化提供基础由该项目将促进国际合作，加强美国和智利之间的科学关系。该项目将采用开放式结构，通过实地学校部分积极扩大研究该火山系统的科学界。该项目由地球科学前沿研究 (FRES) 和刺激竞争性研究既定计划 (EPSCoR) 共同资助。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并得到了国家科学基金会 (NSF) 的认可。通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，认为值得支持。