Collaborative Research: The interplay of surface evolution, shallow magmatism, a large hydrothermal system, and hazards at Puyehue-Cordon Caulle Volcanic Complex, Chile

合作研究：智利 Puyehue-Cordon Caulle 火山群地表演化、浅层岩浆作用、大型热液系统和灾害的相互作用

• 批准号: 2317733
• 负责人: Helge Gonnermann
• 金额: $ 24.77万
• 依托单位: William Marsh Rice University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-10-01 至 2028-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2317733&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; interplay; surface; evolution

Volcanic landscapes pose a variety of natural hazards to local and regional communities, including volcanic explosions and outpouring of lava, large-scale land sliding of resulting steep terrains, and the formation of shallow hydrothermal systems. The hydrothermal systems affect water quality and weaken the overlying rocks further increasing the likelihood of major landslides. Larger volcanic eruptions may impact air traffic and therefore disrupt the global economy. Several of these geohazards occurred during the large 2011-12 eruption of Cordón Caulle, Chile, with its volcanic ash plume reaching large parts of South America including Buenos Aires. The natural hazards continue to pose a major risk for the region, because the eruption was accompanied by a shallow intrusion of magma that has established a vigorous hydrothermal system within a steep edifice scarred by numerous large surface cracks, indicative of slope instability. This eruption sequence, the near-surface intrusion, and its surroundings present a unique opportunity to advance our understanding of the genesis and current state of this recently formed intrusion, which serves as a model for near-surface magmatic intrusions globally. The goal of this project is ability to evaluate and understand the natural hazards associated with intrusions, in particular those arising from the interactions between surface processes, hydrothermal, and magmatic processes. Furthermore, the proposed work aims to advance our understanding of how volcanic eruptions transition from explosive to effusive behavior and these transitions may lead to the formation of shallow intrusions. In addition to building a strong US-Chilean collaborative effort with this project, the team will facilitate a large community-research component, where students will be invited to participate in field and other research activities.Subduction zones create volcanic arcs that are dynamic environments of steep terrain built and modified by the interplay between volcanic, plutonic, and landscape processes. Water acts as the key agent for dynamical interactions, in the form of the hydrothermal system that exists in the shallow subsurface and in the form of erosional processes. Understanding of how the magmatic-hydrothermal sphere and surface- and hydrosphere interact when volcanic activity fundamentally alters the landscape on decadal time scales remains a major challenge. The proposed project is centered around the 2011-12 Córdon Caulle laccolith, one of the most dynamic landscapes on Earth. It is unique because of the intersection of an active plutonic and volcanic realm with the shallow subsurface and surface. It affords the opportunity to study ongoing processes that act at the intersection of magma pathways to the surface, shallow magma intrusion, hydrosphere, and surface. The focus will be on enhancing knowledge about laccolith initiation and development through the integration of existing and newly proposed observations with geophysical and geochemical models, in order to ascertain the current state of the system and project its future evolution. The project combines methods of volcanology, geophysics, aqueous geochemistry, and geomorphology. It will add new insight into the internal and external processes that build and modify near-surface intrusions. It aims to answer why buoyant magma, despite having already an open path to the surface, intruded laterally within hundreds of meters of the surface. Beyond exploration of laccolith genesis, the project seeks to provide a basis for assessing its current state and future evolution through the integration of a wide range of existing and newly proposed observations of structure, mass and heat flux in and out of the intrusion, and its surface evolution as modulated by the interior and exterior processes. The project will foster international collaborations that strengthen scientific relationships between the US and Chile. The project will have an open structure that actively broadens the science community working on this volcanic system via a field school component. An outreach component will involve rural middle schools that are directly affected by regional volcanism. This project is jointly funded by Frontier Research in Earth Sciences (FRES) and the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

火山景观对当地和地区社区构成了各种自然危害，包括火山爆炸和熔岩的浇灌，所产生的钢制地形的大规模陆地滑动以及浅水系统的形成。水热系统会影响水质，并且上覆的岩石较弱，进一步增加了主要滑坡的可能性。较大的火山喷发可能会影响空中交通，因此破坏了全球经济。这些地球扎核心中有几个发生在智利的CordónCaulle的2011 - 12年爆发期间，其火山灰羽到达包括布宜诺斯艾利斯在内的南美大部分地区。自然危害继续对该地区构成重大风险，因为喷发是通过岩浆的浅侵入来完成的，岩浆的浅侵入中已经建立了一个剧烈的热液系统，该系统在钢铁地上被许多大型的表面裂缝疤痕，表明斜坡不稳定。喷发序列，近地面入侵及其周围环境为我们提供了一个独特的机会，可以促进我们对这种最近形成的入侵的起源和当前状态的理解，这是全球近地表岩浆入侵的模型。该项目的目的是能够评估和了解与入侵相关的自然危害，特别是由表面过程，水热和岩浆过程之间的相互作用引起的那些危害。此外，拟议的工作旨在促进我们对火山喷发如何从爆炸性行为转变为侵害行为的理解，这些过渡可能导致浅层入侵的形成。除了与该项目建立强大的美国智利合作努力外，该团队还将促进一个大型的社区研究组成部分，在那里邀请学生参加现场和其他研究活动。提交区创造了火山弧，这些弧形是由钢制地形环境建立和修改的​​，这些环境是由自动化的，Placcanic，Placcanic，Plutcanic，Plutaconic，Prolutonic processes和Landscape Crocesses和Landscape之间的相互作用。水充当动态相互作用的关键药物，以浅层地下和侵蚀过程形式存在的热液系统的形式。了解当火山活性从根本上改变际时尺度上的景观时，了解岩浆 - 热热球体以及表面和水圈如何相互作用仍然是一个重大挑战。拟议的项目集中在2011-12CórdonCaulleLaccolith围绕地球上最具动态的景观之一。由于有效的丘脑和火山域与浅的地下和表面的相交，它是独一无二的。它提供了研究在岩浆途径到达表面，浅岩浆侵入，水圈和表面的交点的正在进行的过程。重点将是通过将现有和新提出的观察结果与地球物理和地球化学模型整合在一起来增强对Laccolith倡议和发展的知识，以确定系统的当前状态并投射其未来的进化。该项目结合了火山学，地球物理学，地球化学和地球化学方法。它将为内部和外部过程增加新的见解，这些过程构建和修改近乎表面的入侵。它旨在回答为什么浮力岩浆（目的地已经有了通往表面的开放路径）的原因，在表面几百米以内横向侵入。除了探索Laccolith Genesis外，该项目还试图通过整合一系列现有和新提议的结构，质量和热量输入的结构，质量和热通量的观察以及其内部和外部过程调节的表面演化，以评估其当前状态和未来进化。该项目将促进国际合作，以加强美国与智利之间的科学关系。该项目将具有开放的结构，该结构可以通过野外学校的组件积极扩大科学界在该火山系统上的工作。外展部分将涉及直接受地区火山主义影响的农村中学。该项目由地球科学领域的Frontier Research（FRES）共同资助，启发竞争性研究的既定计划（EPSCOR）。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用该基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响来审查标准，认为通过评估，认为这是宝贵的支持。