Here Comes a Regular: Effects of Prior Familiarity on Eyewitness Identification

这是一个常规：先前熟悉程度对目击者识别的影响

• 批准号: 2314643
• 负责人: James Lampinen
• 金额: $ 70万
• 依托单位: University of Arkansas
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-05-15 至 2027-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2314643&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Here; Comes; Regular; Effects; Prior

Eyewitness identification plays a crucial role in approximately 80,000 criminal cases per year in the United States. Yet, eyewitness errors sometimes occur, leading to the misidentification of innocent suspects. In many cases, the suspect is unknown to the witness. In other cases, the witness may have some level of prior familiarity with the suspect. It is often assumed that when a witness has prior familiarity with a suspect, that their identification will invariably be accurate. However, recent research has shown that errors can occur even when the witness has prior familiarity with the suspect. The current research seeks to understand when eyewitness identification of familiar suspects is likely to be accurate, and when it may be subject to error. The research tests theory-based hypotheses in both laboratory and field settings to provide results that are likely to be highly generalizable. Both graduate students and undergraduate students will receive training in scientific methodologies and statistics as part of this research. A key part of the research involves collection of data from a diverse participant pool via multiple institutions with greater student diversity. This will also allow training of a diverse group of student research assistants. A series of laboratory and field experiments are proposed to study the impact of prior familiarity on eyewitness identification. The research provides a theoretically motivated framework for understanding familiar face recognition in eyewitness identification settings by specifying factors that occur prior to the witnessed event, as the face is becoming familiar, during the witnessed event, and during the identification task and then systematically undertakes to address these issues. A novel part of the approach is to use the categorization / individuation model to make that case that qualitative aspects of the interaction between the witness and the other individual are likely to be crucial during the familiarization phase. The research also extends basic research from perception to the applied domain of eyewitness identification. An innovative series of field experiments taking place during summer camps for rising university freshmen will provide an opportunity to examine the ecological validity of the results. Findings from this research will provide a clearer picture of when familiar face identification is likely to be reliable and when it is likely to be less reliable and will inform criminal justice practice.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在美国每年约 80,000 起刑事案件中，目击者识别发挥着至关重要的作用。 然而，有时会出现目击者错误，导致无辜嫌疑人被误认。 在许多情况下，目击者并不认识嫌疑人。 在其他情况下，证人可能事先对嫌疑人有一定程度的熟悉。 人们通常认为，当证人事先熟悉嫌疑人时，他们的身份总是准确的。然而，最近的研究表明，即使证人事先熟悉嫌疑人，也可能会出现错误。目前的研究旨在了解目击者对熟悉嫌疑人的识别何时可能是准确的，何时可能会出现错误。该研究在实验室和现场环境中测试基于理论的假设，以提供可能具有高度概括性的结果。 作为这项研究的一部分，研究生和本科生都将接受科学方法和统计学方面的培训。该研究的一个关键部分涉及通过具有更大学生多样性的多个机构从不同的参与者池中收集数据。 这也将允许培训多元化的学生研究助理。 提出了一系列实验室和现场实验来研究事先熟悉程度对目击者识别的影响。该研究提供了一个理论上的框架，通过指定目击事件之前发生的因素，在目击事件期间和识别任务期间发生熟悉的面孔识别，然后系统地进行解决这些问题。该方法的一个新颖部分是使用分类/个性化模型来证明证人与其他人之间互动的定性方面在熟悉阶段可能至关重要。该研究还将基础研究从感知扩展到目击者识别的应用领域。在夏令营期间为大学新生进行的一系列创新实地实验将为检验结果的生态有效性提供机会。这项研究的结果将更清楚地说明熟悉的面孔识别何时可能可靠、何时可能不太可靠，并将为刑事司法实践提供信息。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过评估被认为值得支持利用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准。