Understanding the Internal Structure and Near-Storm Environments of Supercells via Innovative Analysis of Targeted Observation by Radars and UAS of Supercells (TORUS) Observations

通过对超级单体（TORUS）观测的雷达和无人机定向观测的创新分析，了解超级单体的内部结构和近风暴环境

• 批准号: 2312090
• 负责人: Michael Coniglio
• 金额: $ 67.89万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-06-01 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2312090&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Understanding; Internal; Structure; Near; Storm

The question of why some supercell thunderstorms develop tornadoes while others do not is an ongoing area of study in the severe weather research community. Prior research has suggested that certain near-storm environmental conditions may play a large role in determining whether a supercell will become tornadic. In 2019 and 2022, NSF and NOAA supported an observational campaign to make fine-scale measurements of the conditions around supercells. This award will apply advanced data analysis and modeling techniques to the observational data collected in that campaign to answer questions about the relationship between near-storm environmental conditions and tornadogenesis. The societal impact of this project will be found through the increased understanding of the conditions that form tornadoes and the dissemination of findings to the operational meteorological community. Three early-career researchers will be trained under this award, assuring the development of the next generation of scientists.This award is for analysis of data collected during the Targeted Observation by Radars and UAS of Supercells (TORUS) campaign that conducted field seasons in 2019 and 2022. The TORUS project sought to improve understanding of small-scale processes in supercells by elucidating the relationship of storm-generated boundaries and coherent structures within storm outflow to the generation/amplification of near-surface rotation. Under the TORUS umbrella, this award has the overarching goal of improving understanding of why some supercells produce tornadoes and others do not. The research team plans to synthesize TORUS observations via multi-Doppler wind syntheses, diabatic Lagrangian analyses, and ensemble data assimilation methods to address three main research foci:1. Understanding streamwise vorticity currents (SVCs) and storm-internal boundaries and their relationship to amplification of near-ground rotation in supercells.2. Understanding observed relationships between supercell updraft and inflow properties.3. Understanding supercell inflow evolution and its relationship to storm properties.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

为什么一些超级单体雷暴会形成龙卷风，而另一些则不会，这是恶劣天气研究界正在研究的一个问题。 先前的研究表明，某些接近风暴的环境条件可能在决定超级单体是否会变成龙卷风方面发挥重要作用。 2019 年和 2022 年，美国国家科学基金会 (NSF) 和美国国家海洋和大气管理局 (NOAA) 支持了一项观测活动，对超级电池周围的条件进行精细测量。 该奖项将把先进的数据分析和建模技术应用于该活动中收集的观测数据，以回答有关近风暴环境条件与龙卷风发生之间关系的问题。 该项目的社会影响将通过加深对龙卷风形成条件的了解以及向气象界传播研究结果来体现。 该奖项将培训三名处于职业生涯早期的研究人员，以确保下一代科学家的发展。该奖项用于对 2019 年进行野外季节的雷达和 UAS 超级细胞定向观测 (TORUS) 活动期间收集的数据进行分析2022 年和 2022 年。TORUS 项目试图通过阐明风暴产生的边界和风暴流出到近地表旋转的产生/放大。 在 TORUS 的保护下，该奖项的总体目标是增进对为什么一些超级细胞会产生龙卷风而另一些则不会的理解。 研究小组计划通过多普勒风合成、非绝热拉格朗日分析和集合数据同化方法来综合 TORUS 观测结果，以解决三个主要研究热点： 1．了解流向涡流（SVC）和风暴内部边界及其与超级单体中近地旋转放大的关系。2．了解观察到的超级单元上升气流和流入特性之间的关系。3．了解超级单元流入演化及其与风暴特性的关系。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。