Understanding the Internal Structure and Near-Storm Environments of Supercells via Innovative Analysis of Targeted Observation by Radars and UAS of Supercells (TORUS) Observations

通过对超级单体（TORUS）观测的雷达和无人机定向观测的创新分析，了解超级单体的内部结构和近风暴环境

• 批准号: 2312090
• 负责人: Michael Coniglio
• 金额: $ 67.89万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-06-01 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2312090&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Understanding; Internal; Structure; Near; Storm

The question of why some supercell thunderstorms develop tornadoes while others do not is an ongoing area of study in the severe weather research community. Prior research has suggested that certain near-storm environmental conditions may play a large role in determining whether a supercell will become tornadic. In 2019 and 2022, NSF and NOAA supported an observational campaign to make fine-scale measurements of the conditions around supercells. This award will apply advanced data analysis and modeling techniques to the observational data collected in that campaign to answer questions about the relationship between near-storm environmental conditions and tornadogenesis. The societal impact of this project will be found through the increased understanding of the conditions that form tornadoes and the dissemination of findings to the operational meteorological community. Three early-career researchers will be trained under this award, assuring the development of the next generation of scientists.This award is for analysis of data collected during the Targeted Observation by Radars and UAS of Supercells (TORUS) campaign that conducted field seasons in 2019 and 2022. The TORUS project sought to improve understanding of small-scale processes in supercells by elucidating the relationship of storm-generated boundaries and coherent structures within storm outflow to the generation/amplification of near-surface rotation. Under the TORUS umbrella, this award has the overarching goal of improving understanding of why some supercells produce tornadoes and others do not. The research team plans to synthesize TORUS observations via multi-Doppler wind syntheses, diabatic Lagrangian analyses, and ensemble data assimilation methods to address three main research foci:1. Understanding streamwise vorticity currents (SVCs) and storm-internal boundaries and their relationship to amplification of near-ground rotation in supercells.2. Understanding observed relationships between supercell updraft and inflow properties.3. Understanding supercell inflow evolution and its relationship to storm properties.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

为什么有些超级电池雷暴发生龙卷风而而不是另一些超级电池雷暴的问题是恶劣天气研究界的一个持续研究领域。 先前的研究表明，某些近乎近似的环境条件可能在确定超级电池是否会变成龙核方面发挥重要作用。 在2019年和2022年，NSF和NOAA支持了一项观察活动，以对超级电池周围的状况进行精细测量。 该奖项将对该活动中收集的观察数据应用高级数据分析和建模技术，以回答有关近似环境条件与龙卷风发生之间关系的问题。 通过对形成龙卷风的状况的不断理解以及对运营气象界的发现的传播，将发现该项目的社会影响。 将根据该奖项对三名早期职业研究人员进行培训，并确保下一代科学家的发展。该奖项用于分析超级电池（Torus）（Torus）在2019年和2022年进行实地季节的目标观察期间收集的数据。流出到近表面旋转的生成/扩增。 在圆环的雨伞下，该奖项的总体目标是提高人们对某些超级电池为何产生龙卷风而其他人没有的理解。 研究小组计划通过多多普勒风合成，绝热的拉格朗日分析和集合数据同化方法来综合圆环观测，以解决三个主要研究焦点：1。了解流向涡度电流（SVC）和风暴内部边界及其与SuperCells.2的近距离旋转的关系。2。了解超细胞上升气流和流入特性之间的观察到的关系3。了解超级电池流入进化及其与风暴物业的关系。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子和更广泛影响的评论标准来评估的。