SAI-R: Reducing Natural Hazards Risks by Incorporating Community Impacts and Equity

SAI-R：通过纳入社区影响和公平来减少自然灾害风险

• 批准号: 2228559
• 负责人: David Johnson
• 金额: $ 74.24万
• 依托单位: Purdue University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-15 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2228559&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SAI; Reducing; Natural; Hazards; Risks

Strengthening American Infrastructure (SAI) is an NSF Program seeking to stimulate human-centered fundamental and potentially transformative research that strengthens America’s infrastructure. Effective infrastructure provides a strong foundation for socioeconomic vitality and broad quality of life improvement. Strong, reliable, and effective infrastructure spurs private-sector innovation, grows the economy, creates jobs, makes public-sector service provision more efficient, strengthens communities, promotes equal opportunity, protects the natural environment, enhances national security, and fuels American leadership. To achieve these goals requires expertise from across the science and engineering disciplines. SAI focuses on how knowledge of human reasoning and decision-making, governance, and social and cultural processes enables the building and maintenance of effective infrastructure that improves lives and society and builds on advances in technology and engineering.Concrete buildings designed prior to the implementation of modern building codes in the mid-1970s may be highly vulnerable to collapse. Many thousands of these structures in seismically active areas like California are still in service. This includes residential buildings, schools, and critical facilities like hospitals. Although these vulnerabilities are known, local ordinances mandating retrofits have been largely unsuccessful in achieving risk reductions. Building codes governing seismic retrofits focus almost exclusively on structural vulnerability and preventing loss of life during an earthquake. They tend to ignore the value that people place on the functionality of buildings and the ability to reoccupy them as quickly as possible after an extreme event. This SAI research project identifies different stakeholders’ willingness to pay for seismic retrofits on various types of buildings. It also investigates the priorities and incentives that are necessary to successfully motivate action. The long-term aim of this research is to identify effective policy-making strategies to motivate communities to mitigate seismic risks before a future earthquake disaster strikes.This project uses several approaches to better capture the feedback between human interaction with the built environment and infrastructure vulnerability. One approach uses a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods to elicit measures of building functionality and usage that can be used to predict how community members prioritize different retrofit options based on their cost, the buildings affected, and resulting performance in the event of a major earthquake. Another approach uses physical experiments and simulation of earthquakes on archetypal building features to better characterize the vulnerability of this type of concrete building and the effectiveness of different retrofit options. The data generated by these social and physical experiments are combined to produce a decision support system that policy makers can use to design retrofit and funding strategies that are closely aligned with the revealed preferences of the community. Incorporating stakeholder preferences into risk mitigation efforts will improve and strengthen resilience to future earthquake disasters.This award is supported by the Directorate for Social, Behavioral, and Economic (SBE) Sciences and the Directorate for Engineering.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

加强美国基础设施 (SAI) 是一项 NSF 计划，旨在促进以人为本的基础性和潜在变革性研究，加强美国的基础设施，为社会经济活力和广泛的生活质量改善提供坚实的基础。私营部门创新、发展经济、创造就业机会、提供更多公共部门服务、加强社区、促进平等机会、保护自然环境、增强国家安全并增强美国的领导力。要实现这些目标，需要来自各个领域的专业知识。 SAI 专注于人类推理和决策、治理以及社会和文化过程的知识如何能够建设和维护有效的基础设施，从而改善生活和社会，并建立在技术和工程的进步之上。在 20 世纪 70 年代中期实施现代建筑规范之前设计的建筑可能极易倒塌，而在加利福尼亚州等地震活跃地区，仍有数以千计的此类建筑仍在使用，其中包括住宅楼、学校和医院等关键设施。虽然这些漏洞众所周知，强制进行改造的地方法规在降低风险方面基本上没有成功，管理抗震改造的建筑规范几乎只关注结构脆弱性和防止地震期间的人员伤亡，它们往往忽视人们对建筑物功能的重视。以及在极端事件发生后尽快重新使用它们的能力。该 SAI 研究项目确定了不同利益相关者为各种类型的建筑物进行抗震改造的意愿。它还调查了成功激励所需的优先事项和激励措施。这项研究的长期目标是确定有效的决策策略，以激励社区在未来地震灾害发生之前减轻地震风险。该项目使用多种方法来更好地捕获人类与建筑环境和地震之间的反馈。一种方法采用定性和定量相结合的方法来得出建筑功能和使用情况的衡量标准，这些衡量标准可用于预测社区成员如何根据其成本、受影响的建筑物以及在发生基础设施脆弱性时产生的性能来优先考虑不同的改造方案。另一种方法是利用物理实验和地震模拟。原型建筑特征，以更好地表征此类混凝土建筑的脆弱性以及不同改造方案的有效性。这些社会和物理实验生成的数据相结合，产生一个决策支持系统，政策制定者可以使用该系统来设计改造和资助策略。将利益相关者的偏好纳入风险缓解工作中，这与社区所揭示的偏好密切相关，将提高和加强对未来地震灾害的抵御能力。该奖项得到了社会、行为和经济 (SBE) 科学局和该局的支持。对于工程。这授予 NSF 的法定使命，并通过评估反映使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，被认为值得支持。