Research in Particle Theory, Cosmology, and Quantum Gravity

粒子论、宇宙学和量子引力研究

• 批准号: 2310429
• 负责人: Peter Graham
• 金额: $ 234万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-15 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2310429&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Research; Particle; Theory; Cosmology; Quantum

This award funds the research activities of Professors Savas Dimopoulos, Peter Graham, Renata Kallosh, Andrei Linde, Stephen Shenker, Eva Silverstein, and Leonard Susskind at Stanford University.This group of physicists studies a broad range of subjects all aimed at answering two basic questions: Can we understand the origin and historical evolution of our Universe? And can we determine the nature of the basic building blocks --- the elementary particles --- that constitute the world around us? As part of their research, these physicists will attempt to discover dark matter, the mysterious substance that makes up most of the matter in the universe, by designing new detectors based on quantum sensor technology. They will also explore the beginnings of our universe using information contained in some of the earliest ‘pictures’ from mere moments after the big bang. Finally, they will investigate the nature of black holes in order to gain a better understanding of the fundamental laws of nature. This research also has significant broader impacts. New tools will be developed which can have applications in diverse areas of science. Students and postdoctoral fellows who are trained in the course of performing this research will move on to serve the nation in crucial ways, whether by joining the next generation of leaders in research and teaching, or by transferring their expertise to firms which develop important new technologies in Silicon Valley and beyond. These faculty will also expend considerable effort in outreach activities in order to bring the fruits of modern science to the general public through public lectures, videos, and popular publications, including books accessible to the general public.At a more technical level, Dimopoulos will search for innovative approaches for manipulating and detecting the Cosmic Neutrino Background (CnuB). This includes the construction of a Diffraction Grating for the CnuB, which involves structures approximately ten meters in size. This technique significantly amplifies the net neutrino excess by several orders of magnitude, potentially serving as a crucial initial step towards uncovering the CnuB. Graham will design and optimize dark matter detectors using electron and ion traps to search for millicharged particles, axions, and dark photons. Graham will also discover the science available with gravitational wave observations in the ‘mid-band’, roughly 0.01 – 10 Hz, which will help in the design and operation of previously proposed atomic gravitational wave detectors such as MAGIS. Kallosh and Linde will explore inflationary theory and the theory of dark energy inspired by supergravity and string theory. Shenker will investigate the fine structure of quantum black holes. He will use two-dimensional models that have proven useful in studying non-perturbative effects in quantum gravity. He will also study BPS black hole states in supersymmetric theories. Silverstein will extend her 3d de Sitter microstate count in pure gravity to incorporate local bulk matter and derive physical implications of M theory de Sitter models from hyperbolic compactifications. She will systematize the theory of non-perturbative non-Gaussianity and its relation to large scale structure analysis and develop novel algorithms for AI. Susskind’s research involves holography, and several candidates for holographic systems which may describe de Sitter spaces have already been identified. These include matrix theories similar to BFSS matrix theory, and a promising candidate based on the double-scaled limit of Sachdev-Yeh-Kitaev theory at infinite temperature.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项为教授Savas Dimopoulos，Peter Graham，Renata Kallosh，Andrei Linde，Stephen Shenker，Eva Silverstein和Leonard Susskind的研究活动提供了资金。该小组的物理学家研究旨在回答两个基本问题：我们可以回答两个基本问题：我们可以了解两个基本问题：我们可以理解源头和历史上的Everse vorme evoltion，我们可以回答两个基本问题吗？我们能否确定构成我们周围世界的基本粒子的基本构件的性质？作为研究的一部分，这些物理学家将尝试通过设计基于量子传感器技术的新检测器来发现构成宇宙大部分物质的神秘物质。他们还将使用大爆炸后的一些最早的“图片”中包含的信息探索我们宇宙的开端。最后，他们将研究黑洞的性质，以便更好地了解自然的基本定律。这项研究还具有更广泛的影响。将开发新工具，该工具可以在科学的潜水区域中应用。在进行这项研究过程中接受培训的学生和博士后研究员将继续以至关重要的方式为国家服务，无论是加入下一代研究和教学领域，还是通过将其专业知识转移到开发硅谷及其他地区的重要新技术的公司。这些教师还将探讨在外展活动中的考虑努力，以便通过公共讲座，视频和流行出版物将现代科学的果实带给公众，包括通用公众可以访问的书籍。在更具技术性的水平上，Dimopoulos将寻找具有创新方法来操纵和检测宇宙中性群（CNUB）（CNUB）。这包括构造CNUB的衍射光栅，该衍射光栅涉及大约十米的结构。该技术可显着放大净神经元的多数数量级，这可能是迈向发现CNUB的至关重要的初始步骤。 Graham将使用电子和离子陷阱设计和优化暗物质探测器，以搜索Millicharged颗粒，轴和暗照片。格雷厄姆还将发现“中频”中的引力波观测的科学，约为0.01 - 10 Hz，这将有助于先前提出的原子重力波检测器（例如Magis）的设计和操作。 Kallosh和Linde将探索通货膨胀理论以及受超级和弦理论启发的黑暗能源理论。 Shenker将研究量子黑洞的精细结构。他将使用二维模型，这些模型已被证明可用于研究量子重力中的非扰动作用。他还将在超对称理论中研究BPS黑洞状态。 Silverstein将在纯重力中扩展其3D DE STINTER MICROTOCTATE计数，以结合局部散装物质并从双曲线压缩中得出M Theory De Sitter模型的物理意义。她将系统化非扰动非豪斯性的理论及其与大规模结构分析的关系，并开发AI的新算法。 Susskind的研究涉及全息图，以及几个可以描述Sitter空间的全息系统的候选者。其中包括类似于BFSS矩阵理论的矩阵理论，以及基于无限温度下sachdev-yeh-kitaev理论的双重限制的承诺候选人。这项奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用该基金会的知识分子和更广泛的影响来评估NSF的法定任务，并被认为是珍贵的支持。