Studies in Elementary Particle Physics

基本粒子物理研究

• 批准号: 2310072
• 负责人: Morris Swartz
• 金额: $ 210万
• 依托单位: Johns Hopkins University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-01 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2310072&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Studies; Elementary; Particle; Physics

The Standard Model of particle physics describes many of the micro-physical phenomena that have been observed since it was proposed over 50 years ago. In particular, one of the most spectacular predictions was the prediction of the Higgs boson, which was observed in 2012 at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. For all of its success, the Standard Model is likely incomplete. It does not describe the dark matter, which is the dominant part of the mass density of the universe. It does not explain why ordinary matter dominates over antimatter. The theory with a single Higgs boson is mathematically unstable, which suggests that there are Higgs siblings or new physical processes occurring at larger mass scales. One of the goals of this project is to improve our knowledge of the Higgs couplings, which can deviate by small amounts from the predictions of the Standard Model when heavier siblings exist. There can also be non-standard couplings that violate the Charge Conjugation Parity symmetry, which could explain the matter domination of the universe. Other goals are to search directly for the heavier states that could be produced at the LHC and to search for their possible effects on high mass Standard Model processes. This project advances our understanding of one of the key directions in particle physics and of our understanding of the basic physical laws of the universe. It exposes undergraduate students, graduate students, and postdoctoral fellows to state of the art detector technologies, computing technologies, and data analysis techniques. Those highly trained students and postdocs pursue careers in both academic and non-academic fields. The project also hosts a very successful Quarknet center that provides professional development opportunities for a community of about 25 Maryland area high school STEM teachers.This project is a program of experimental particle physics research within the CMS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The project builds upon an ongoing program of research that led to the discovery of the Higgs boson and the characterization of its properties. The focus of the Higgs program is on the golden four-lepton decay channel, but also incorporating other decay channels into production mechanism related measurements. Kinematic information in both on-shell and off-shell production is used to make precision measurements of the Higgs boson mass, width, quantum numbers, CP properties, and more generally, the tensor structure of Higgs interactions with vector bosons and fermions within the framework of effective field theory. The project includes searches for heavier siblings of the observed state and other look-alike states such as top quark resonances, W' and Z' bosons, exotic gravitons, leptoquarks, and excited quarks and gluons. These are predicted by many extensions of the Standard Model. The techniques needed to identify and reconstruct the decays of these states were developed by the proponents using previous NSF support. In particular, the searches would use tracking enhancements, jet substructure techniques, machine learning techniques, and sophisticated likelihood variables. Finally, this project supports technical contributions to the operation of the CMS detector and to the study of new detector technology for high luminosity upgrades of the LHC. The operational contributions are based on techniques that are currently in use or are derived from those currently in use. The contributions to the study of detector upgrades are based on tools that were developed to support the present operation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

粒子物理学的标准模型描述了自50年前提出的许多微物理现象。 特别是，最壮观的预测之一是希格斯玻色子的预测，这是在2012年在CERN大型强子对撞机上观察到的。 对于所有成功，标准模型可能不完整。 它没有描述暗物质，这是宇宙质量密度的主要部分。 它不能解释为什么普通物质主导于反物质。 具有单个希格斯玻色子的理论在数学上是不稳定的，这表明在较大的质量尺度上存在希格斯兄弟姐妹或新的物理过程。该项目的目标之一是提高我们对希格斯耦合的了解，当存在较重的兄弟姐妹时，这可能会偏离标准模型的预测。 也可能存在非标准的耦合，违反了电荷共轭均等对称性，这可以解释宇宙的统治。 其他目标是直接搜索可以在LHC上产​​生的较重状态，并搜索其对高质量标准模型流程的可能影响。 该项目促进了我们对粒子物理学的关键方向之一以及我们对宇宙基本物理定律的理解的理解。 它使本科生，研究生和博士后研究员暴露于最先进的探测器技术，计算技术和数据分析技术。 那些训练有素的学生和博士后在学术和非学术领域从事职业。 该项目还设有一个非常成功的夸克中心，为约25个马里兰州高中茎教师的社区提供了专业发展的机会。该项目是CERN大型强子（LHC）的CMS实验中的实验粒子物理研究计划。 。该项目建立在正在进行的研究计划的基础上，该计划导致了希格斯玻色子的发现及其特性的特征。希格斯计划的重点是黄金四元衰减通道，但也将其他衰减通道纳入与生产机制相关的测量中。壳和壳产生中的运动学信息都用于对希格斯玻色子质量，宽度，量子数，cp，cp属性等进行精确测量。有效的现场理论。该项目包括搜索观察到的状态和其他外观状态的较重的兄弟姐妹，例如顶级夸克共振，w'和z'玻色子，异国情调的吸引力，leptoquarks，leptoquarks以及激动人心的夸克和glu。这些标准模型的许多扩展都预测了这些。支持者使用以前的NSF支持来识别和重建这些状态衰减所需的技术。 特别是，搜索将使用跟踪增强功能，喷气子结构技术，机器学习技术和复杂的似然变量。最后，该项目支持CMS探测器运行的技术贡献以及对LHC高光度升级的新检测技术的研究。操作贡献基于当前正在使用或源自当前正在使用的技术的技术。对探测器升级研究的贡献是基于为支持当前行动而开发的工具。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估标准通过评估来支持的。