VISCOSITY PATHS: Assessing the Effect of Realistic Cooling Rates on the Evolution of Lava Flow Rheology

粘度路径：评估实际冷却速率对熔岩流流变学演变的影响

• 批准号: 2309100
• 负责人: Arianna Soldati
• 金额: $ 38.46万
• 依托单位: North Carolina State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-01 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2309100&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: VISCOSITY; PATHS; Assessing; Effect; Realistic

Lava flows are by far the most common form of volcanic activity. With more than 1 billion people worldwide living near an active volcano, it is imperative to accurately forecast lava flow hazard. While lava flows rarely kill people, they routinely destroy houses and infrastructure, sometimes causing millions of dollars of damage in a single event. In order to mitigate this hazard, this project seeks to understand how lava flows advance. The advance of lava flows largely depends on how they transition from being mainly liquid at eruption to fully solid as they flow away from the vent and cool down. This project will reproduce realistic lava flow cooling paths through laboratory experiments, and measure how lava ability to deform and move changes throughout the process. Further, the team will develop a learning unit on lava flow motion specifically tailored to the unique needs of the ever-growing homeschooling community, thus advancing NSF’s goal of promoting access to STEM learning and training for all citizens. Each quantum of lava within a flow is subject to a unique cooling history, which results in varying crystal assemblages and textures, and ultimately rheology, for any given lava flow in both space and time. State-of-the-art rheological experiments assume either isothermal conditions or constant cooling rates. However, natural lava flows experience much more nuanced cooling histories. The overarching goal of this proposal is to experimentally determine how the crystallization and thus rheology of basaltic lava evolve when subjected to realistic cooling curves. The product will be a detailed, physics-based rheological evolution map of a channelized basaltic lava flow. Because of the key role played by rheology in controlling lava flow advance speed and dynamics, this deliverable will provide the community with a key tool to improve our ability to forecast lava flow emplacement, and to potentially mitigate damage to infrastructure.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

熔岩流是迄今为止最常见的火山活动形式，全球有超过 10 亿人生活在活火山附近，因此准确预测熔岩流危险至关重要，虽然熔岩流很少造成人员伤亡，但它们经常会毁坏房屋和基础设施。有时一次事件会造成数百万美元的损失，为了减轻这种危险，该项目试图了解熔岩流的推进很大程度上取决于它们如何从喷发时的主要液态转变为完全固态。它们从通风口流走该项目将通过实验室实验重现真实的熔岩流冷却路径，并测量熔岩在整个过程中变形和移动的能力如何变化。此外，该团队将开发专门针对独特需求的熔岩流运动学习单元。不断增长的家庭教育社区，从而推进 NSF 促进所有公民获得 STEM 学习和培训的目标。熔岩流中的每一块熔岩都经历了独特的冷却历史，最终导致不同的晶体组合和纹理。流变学，对于任何给定的空间和时间熔岩流，最先进的流变学实验假设等温条件或恒定的冷却速率。然而，自然熔岩流经历更加微妙的冷却历史。通过实验确定玄武岩熔岩的结晶和流变在经历真实的冷却曲线时如何演变，该产品将是一个详细的、基于物理的通道化玄武岩熔岩流的流变演变图。流变学在控制熔岩流前进速度和动态方面所发挥的作用，该成果将为社区提供一个关键工具，以提高我们预测熔岩流位置的能力，并潜在地减轻对基础设施的损害。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并已被通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，认为值得支持。