VISCOSITY PATHS: Assessing the Effect of Realistic Cooling Rates on the Evolution of Lava Flow Rheology

粘度路径：评估实际冷却速率对熔岩流流变学演变的影响

• 批准号: 2309100
• 负责人: Arianna Soldati
• 金额: $ 38.46万
• 依托单位: North Carolina State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-01 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2309100&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: VISCOSITY; PATHS; Assessing; Effect; Realistic

Lava flows are by far the most common form of volcanic activity. With more than 1 billion people worldwide living near an active volcano, it is imperative to accurately forecast lava flow hazard. While lava flows rarely kill people, they routinely destroy houses and infrastructure, sometimes causing millions of dollars of damage in a single event. In order to mitigate this hazard, this project seeks to understand how lava flows advance. The advance of lava flows largely depends on how they transition from being mainly liquid at eruption to fully solid as they flow away from the vent and cool down. This project will reproduce realistic lava flow cooling paths through laboratory experiments, and measure how lava ability to deform and move changes throughout the process. Further, the team will develop a learning unit on lava flow motion specifically tailored to the unique needs of the ever-growing homeschooling community, thus advancing NSF’s goal of promoting access to STEM learning and training for all citizens. Each quantum of lava within a flow is subject to a unique cooling history, which results in varying crystal assemblages and textures, and ultimately rheology, for any given lava flow in both space and time. State-of-the-art rheological experiments assume either isothermal conditions or constant cooling rates. However, natural lava flows experience much more nuanced cooling histories. The overarching goal of this proposal is to experimentally determine how the crystallization and thus rheology of basaltic lava evolve when subjected to realistic cooling curves. The product will be a detailed, physics-based rheological evolution map of a channelized basaltic lava flow. Because of the key role played by rheology in controlling lava flow advance speed and dynamics, this deliverable will provide the community with a key tool to improve our ability to forecast lava flow emplacement, and to potentially mitigate damage to infrastructure.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

熔岩流是迄今为止最常见的火山活动形式。全世界有超过10亿人居住在一个活火山附近，必须准确预测熔岩流危险。虽然熔岩流动很少杀人，但它们通常会摧毁房屋和基础设施，有时在一次事件中造成数百万美元的损失。为了减轻这种危害，该项目试图了解熔岩流程如何发展。熔岩流的前进在很大程度上取决于它们如何从爆发时主要液体转变为完全固体，因为它们从通风孔流出并冷却。该项目将在整个实验室实验中重现逼真的熔岩流冷却路径，并测量熔岩在整个过程中如何变形和移动变化的能力。此外，该团队将开发一个有关熔岩流动运动的学习单元，专门针对不断增长的家庭学校社区的独特需求量身定制，从而促进了NSF的目标，即促进所有公民获得STEM学习和培训的目标。流动中的每种熔岩量都符合独特的冷却历史，从而在空间和时间上的任何给定的熔岩流都导致不同的晶体组合和纹理，最终导致流变学。最先进的流变实验假设等温条件或恒定冷却速率。但是，天然熔岩流经历了更多细微的冷却历史。该提案的总体目标是实验确定在经历逼真的冷却曲线时如何结晶和玄武岩熔岩演化的流变学。该产品将是基于物理的详细的流变进化图，用于通道的玄武岩熔岩流。由于流变学在控制熔岩流动速度和动态方面所扮演的关键作用，这种交付将为社区提供一个关键工具，以提高我们预测熔岩流动的能力，并有可能减轻对基础设施的损害。这奖反映了NSF的宣传任务，并通过使用基础的智力效果和广泛的评估来评估，这是NSF的宣传任务，并以评估为珍贵。