New Interference Detection, Mitigation, and Fusion Methodologies for Radio Astronomy

射电天文学的新干扰检测、缓解和融合方法

• 批准号: 2307581
• 负责人: Natalia Schmid
• 金额: $ 51.08万
• 依托单位: West Virginia University Research Corporation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2307581&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: New; Interference; Detection; Mitigation; Fusion

Radio astronomy is the study of the universe by detecting and analyzing radio waves. Radio waves are a form of electromagnetic radiation, just like light, but with a longer wavelength. This means that radio waves can travel through dust and gas clouds, which makes them ideal for studying objects that are obscured from view in visible light. One of the challenges of radio astronomy is that there is a lot of man-made radio interference. This interference can come from things like cell phones, televisions, and radar systems. It can make it difficult to detect faint radio signals from astronomical objects. This proposal aims to address this challenge by developing new algorithms and hardware to remove radio interference from observed data. The methods will be made freely available to the astronomical community and could also be used in other fields, such as self-driving cars and collision avoidance radar.The detection of extremely weak Galactic signals and the study of the radio transient sky, including fast radio bursts represent a powerful new tool for astronomy. Due to the transient nature of fast radio bursts, radio frequency interference (RFI) excision is critical and is a limiting factor for survey sensitivity. This project engages faculty, graduate students and undergraduates to address overcoming this challenge through developing ; real-time RFI detection, characterization, and flagging ; hardware prototyping of new RFI detection and characterization algorithms ; metrics of performance tailored to different astronomical observation cases. The algorithms, firmware, and software developed will be made available for use to the world radio astronomy community through GitHub, advertised through summer RFI workshops organized at the Green Bank Observatory, and disseminated through the programs run by the NSF's SpectrumX Center. Undergraduate students will participate in the research activities through this project and the programs such as Research Apprenticeship Program and Summer Undergraduate Research Experience at West Virginia University. The new methodology developed in this work can be applied beyond radio astronomy by any groups that use radar data, for instance in the development of self-driving cars and collision avoidance radar in the automotive industry.This project is jointly funded by the Division of Astronomical Sciences and the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

射电天文学是通过探测和分析无线电波来研究宇宙的学科。无线电波是电磁辐射的一种形式，就像光一样，但波长更长。这意味着无线电波可以穿过尘埃和气体云，这使得它们成为研究可见光中被遮挡的物体的理想选择。射电天文学面临的挑战之一是存在大量人为射电干扰。这种干扰可能来自手机、电视和雷达系统等。它会使检测来自天体的微弱无线电信号变得困难。该提案旨在通过开发新的算法和硬件来消除观测数据中的无线电干扰来应对这一挑战。这些方法将免费提供给天文学界，也可用于其他领域，例如自动驾驶汽车和防撞雷达。极弱银河信号的检测和射电瞬变天空的研究，包括快速射电爆发代表了天文学的一个强大的新工具。由于快速无线电脉冲的瞬态特性，射频干扰 (RFI) 消除至关重要，并且是测量灵敏度的限制因素。 该项目让教师、研究生和本科生参与，通过开发来克服这一挑战；实时 RFI 检测、表征和标记；新 RFI 检测和表征算法的硬件原型设计；针对不同天文观测案例定制的性能指标。开发的算法、固件和软件将通过 GitHub 供世界射电天文学界使用，通过绿岸天文台组织的夏季 RFI 研讨会进行宣传，并通过 NSF SpectrumX 中心运行的项目进行传播。 本科生将通过该项目以及西弗吉尼亚大学研究学徒计划和暑期本科生研究体验等项目参与研究活动。这项工作中开发的新方法可以应用于射电天文学之外的任何使用雷达数据的团体，例如自动驾驶汽车和汽车行业防撞雷达的开发。该项目由天文学部共同资助科学和刺激竞争性研究的既定计划 (EPSCoR)。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。