New Interference Detection, Mitigation, and Fusion Methodologies for Radio Astronomy

射电天文学的新干扰检测、缓解和融合方法

• 批准号: 2307581
• 负责人: Natalia Schmid
• 金额: $ 51.08万
• 依托单位: West Virginia University Research Corporation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2307581&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: New; Interference; Detection; Mitigation; Fusion

Radio astronomy is the study of the universe by detecting and analyzing radio waves. Radio waves are a form of electromagnetic radiation, just like light, but with a longer wavelength. This means that radio waves can travel through dust and gas clouds, which makes them ideal for studying objects that are obscured from view in visible light. One of the challenges of radio astronomy is that there is a lot of man-made radio interference. This interference can come from things like cell phones, televisions, and radar systems. It can make it difficult to detect faint radio signals from astronomical objects. This proposal aims to address this challenge by developing new algorithms and hardware to remove radio interference from observed data. The methods will be made freely available to the astronomical community and could also be used in other fields, such as self-driving cars and collision avoidance radar.The detection of extremely weak Galactic signals and the study of the radio transient sky, including fast radio bursts represent a powerful new tool for astronomy. Due to the transient nature of fast radio bursts, radio frequency interference (RFI) excision is critical and is a limiting factor for survey sensitivity. This project engages faculty, graduate students and undergraduates to address overcoming this challenge through developing ; real-time RFI detection, characterization, and flagging ; hardware prototyping of new RFI detection and characterization algorithms ; metrics of performance tailored to different astronomical observation cases. The algorithms, firmware, and software developed will be made available for use to the world radio astronomy community through GitHub, advertised through summer RFI workshops organized at the Green Bank Observatory, and disseminated through the programs run by the NSF's SpectrumX Center. Undergraduate students will participate in the research activities through this project and the programs such as Research Apprenticeship Program and Summer Undergraduate Research Experience at West Virginia University. The new methodology developed in this work can be applied beyond radio astronomy by any groups that use radar data, for instance in the development of self-driving cars and collision avoidance radar in the automotive industry.This project is jointly funded by the Division of Astronomical Sciences and the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

射电天文学是通过检测和分析无线电波来研究宇宙的研究。无线电波是电磁辐射的一种形式，就像光一样，但波长更长。这意味着无线电波可以通过灰尘和气体云传播，这使它们非常适合研究以可见光视图遮盖的物体。射电天文学的挑战之一是，有很多人为的无线电干扰。这种干扰可能来自手机，电视和雷达系统之类的东西。它可能很难从天文对象中检测到微弱的无线电信号。该建议旨在通过开发新算法和硬件来解决这一挑战，从而从观察到的数据中删除无线电干扰。这些方法将免费提供给天文学界，也可以用于其他领域，例如自动驾驶汽车和避免碰撞雷达。检测极度弱的银河信号和对无线电瞬态天空的研究，包括快速无线电爆发，代表了天文学的强大新工具。由于快速无线电爆发的瞬时性质，射频干扰（RFI）切除至关重要，并且是调查敏感性的限制因素。 该项目与教职员工，研究生和大学生有关，通过发展来克服这一挑战；实时RFI检测，表征和标记；新RFI检测和表征算法的硬件原型制作；针对不同天文观察案例量身定制的性能指标。开发的算法，固件和软件将通过Github提供给世界射电天文学界，并通过在绿色银行天文台组织的夏季RFI研讨会进行广告，并通过NSF Spectrumx Center运行的计划进行了传播。 本科生将通过该项目以及西弗吉尼亚大学的研究学徒计划和夏季本科研究经验等计划参加研究活动。在这项工作中开发的新方法可以通过任何使用雷达数据的群体超出射电天文学应用，例如，在汽车行业的自动驾驶汽车和避免碰撞雷达的发展中。该项目是由天文学科学的部门共同资助的，该项目通过天文学科学的部门以及既定的计划以及通过竞争性的奖励（EPSCOR）进行了反映的代表，并以此为基础。智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准。