NSF PRFB FY23: Host-pathogen dynamics in response to resource pulses: nutrients, immunity and disease transmission

NSF PRFB FY23：响应资源脉冲的宿主病原体动态：营养、免疫和疾病传播

• 批准号: 2305798
• 负责人: Julie Davis
• 金额: $ 24万
• 依托单位: Davis, Julie
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2305798&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NSF; PRFB; FY23; Host; pathogen

This action funds an NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology for FY 2023, Integrative Research Investigating the Rules of Life Governing Interactions Between Genomes, Environment, and Phenotypes. The fellowship supports research and training of the fellow that will contribute to the area of Rules of Life in innovative ways. Globally, disease and habitat loss lead to biodiversity loss. In agricultural landscapes, bees sometimes have less food from flowering plants and can be exposed to more disease. However, mass blooming cover crops that produce large amounts of flowers could improve conditions for bees. For example, increased food supply from mass blooming crops may improve bee nutrition and disease resistance. Additionally, mass blooms could either reduce or increase chances for bees to spread diseases at shared flowers, likely depending on the amount of other, non-crop flowers in the surrounding landscape. Identifying the contexts in which different farming practices can support pollinators improves conservation efforts. This project asks how non-crop flower abundance affects the extent to which mass blooming cover crops affect bee disease resistance and spread.This research will use an agriculturally important native bee, Osmia lignaria, and its associated pathogens to evaluate how resource pulses from a cover crop (vetch, Vicia villosa) interact with the surrounding landscape (abundance of non-mass bloom floral resources, NMBR) to affect bee immunity, pathogen infection, and pathogen transmission. The fellow will place Osmia lignaria nests at sites manipulated to either have or not have mass blooming vetch. Sites in the mass bloom and control treatments will each exist along a gradient of NMBR. To assess how mass bloom affects pathogen infection, adult bees will be sampled throughout bloom, and larvae and pollen provisions will be sampled at the end of bloom to quantify pathogens and nutrients. To assess how mass bloom affects opportunities for disease transmission, total and infected bee and flower density will be quantified in vetch and NMBR patches. To assess whether mass bloom and NMBR affect immunity, the fellow will conduct an immune challenge and measure immune gene expression in bees fed pollen from diets that mimic the quality and quantity of floral resources at each site, in laboratory experiments. By disentangling landscape- versus molecular-scale drivers of host-pathogen dynamics, this work will improve predictive power of when pathogens affect populations and communities. The fellow will extend the impact of their work by 1) training two undergraduate students, 2) conducting trainings on inclusive teaching in Biology, and 3) communicating results and investigating applications with conservation and agricultural professionals.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该行动为2023财年生物学的NSF博士后研究奖学金提供了资金，该研究综合研究调查了有关基因组，环境和表型之间相互作用的生活规则。奖学金支持对研究员的研究和培训，这些研究和培训将以创新的方式为生活规则做出贡献。在全球范围内，疾病和栖息地丧失导致生物多样性丧失。在农业景观中，蜜蜂有时会因开花植物而少食物，并且可以暴露于更多的疾病。但是，产生大量花朵的大规模开花覆盖作物可以改善蜜蜂的条件。例如，大量开花作物的食物供应增加可能会改善蜜蜂营养和抗病性。此外，大规模开花可能会减少或增加蜜蜂在共享花朵上传播疾病的机会，这可能取决于周围景观中其他非作品花的数量。确定不同的农业实践可以支持传粉媒介的环境可以改善保护工作。 This project asks how non-crop flower abundance affects the extent to which mass blooming cover crops affect bee disease resistance and spread.This research will use an agriculturally important native bee, Osmia lignaria, and its associated pathogens to evaluate how resource pulses from a cover crop (vetch, Vicia villosa) interact with the surrounding landscape (abundance of non-mass bloom floral resources, NMBR) to affect bee免疫，病原体感染和病原体传播。该家伙将将Osmia木质纳巢巢放在操纵的站点上，要么有大量盛开的vetch。质量开花和控制处理中的部位将沿NMBR的梯度存在。为了评估大肿块如何影响病原体感染，将在整个花朵中取样成年蜜蜂，幼虫和花粉的规定将在花朵结束时采样，以量化病原体和营养素。为了评估肿块如何影响疾病传播的机会，将在Vetch和NMBR斑块中量化全部和感染的蜜蜂和花朵密度。为了评估质量Bloom和NMBR是否影响免疫力，该研究员将进行免疫挑战，并测量从饮食中喂养花粉的免疫基因表达，这些饮食模仿了实验室实验中每个地点的花卉资源的质量和数量。通过解开宿主 - 病原体动力学的景观与分子规模的驱动因素，这项工作将提高病原体影响人群和社区的预测能力。该研究员将通过1）培训两名本科生，2）对生物学的包容性教学进行培训，以及3）与保护和农业专业人员进行沟通并调查申请。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过基金会的知识分子优点和广泛的影响来评估NSF的法定任务。