Postdoctoral Fellowship: EAR-PF: Understanding the Mechanics of Caldera Collapse Eruptions

博士后奖学金：EAR-PF：了解火山口塌陷喷发的机制

• 批准号: 2305163
• 负责人: Joshua Crozier
• 金额: $ 18万
• 依托单位: Crozier, Joshua Allen
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-04-01 至 2026-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2305163&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Postdoctoral; Fellowship; EAR; PF; Understanding

Many volcanic eruptions involve caldera collapse, where a section of rock overlying a magma reservoir drops downward as an eruption progresses. Caldera collapse has occurred during the largest explosive eruptions in Earth’s history, but also during multiple eruptions in the past few decades. However, the factors controlling the time evolution of caldera collapse eruptions are poorly understood, which limits our ability to infer past eruptive conditions and make forecasts about ongoing or future eruptions. This project will develop caldera collapse simulations that include both earthquakes and magma dynamics, then compare simulations to various types of geologic data and volcano monitoring data. The project will quantify controls on caldera collapse eruption evolution and constrain important rock and magma system properties at several volcanoes, including Kīlauea in Hawaii. In addition to communicating results to volcano observatories, immersive animations and sonifications of the 2018 Kīlauea eruption will be produced for broader outreach.This project will study temporal dynamics of caldera collapse in both mafic and silicic eruptions. It will examine what controls eruption episodicity, and how this influences eruptive regimes and overall eruption volume and duration. This project will develop 3D numerical models that couple elastic and multiphase fluid mechanics, including earthquake physics and magma ascent dynamics. Simulations will be compared to geophysical and video data from recent mafic eruptions to constrain ring fault geometry and frictional properties. Simulations will also be compared to geologic and petrologic data from older silicic eruptions to examine how different proposed pre-eruptive reservoir conditions, including magma stratification and melt lens distributions, influence eruptions and the resulting deposits.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

许多火山喷发都涉及火山口塌陷，随着火山喷发的进行，火山口塌陷的一部分会下降，这种情况发生在地球历史上最大规模的爆炸性喷发中，但也发生在过去几十年的多次火山喷发中。对控制火山口塌陷喷发时间演变的因素知之甚少，这限制了我们推断过去喷发条件并对正在进行或未来喷发进行预测的能力。包括地震和岩浆动力学在内的火山口塌陷模拟，然后将模拟与各种类型的地质数据和火山监测数据进行比较，该项目将量化对火山口塌陷喷发演化的控制，并限制包括基拉韦厄火山在内的几座火山的重要岩石和岩浆系统特性。夏威夷除了向火山观测站传达结果外，还将制作 2018 年基拉韦厄火山喷发的沉浸式动画和声音处理，以供更广泛的推广。该项目将研究火山喷发的时间动态。镁铁质和硅质喷发中的火山口塌陷将研究控制喷发偶发性的因素，以及这如何影响喷发状况以及总体喷发量和持续时间。该项目将开发耦合弹性和多相流体力学（包括地震物理学和岩浆）的 3D 数值模型。模拟将与最近镁铁质喷发的地球物理和视频数据进行比较，以约束环断层的几何形状，模拟还将与地质和摩擦特性进行比较。来自更古老的硅质喷发的岩石学数据，以研究不同的拟议喷发前储层条件（包括岩浆分层和熔融透镜体分布）如何影响喷发和由此产生的沉积物。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的评估进行评估，被认为值得支持智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。