Postdoctoral Fellowship: EAR-PF: Understanding the Mechanics of Caldera Collapse Eruptions

博士后奖学金：EAR-PF：了解火山口塌陷喷发的机制

• 批准号: 2305163
• 负责人: Joshua Crozier
• 金额: $ 18万
• 依托单位: Crozier, Joshua Allen
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-04-01 至 2026-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2305163&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Postdoctoral; Fellowship; EAR; PF; Understanding

Many volcanic eruptions involve caldera collapse, where a section of rock overlying a magma reservoir drops downward as an eruption progresses. Caldera collapse has occurred during the largest explosive eruptions in Earth’s history, but also during multiple eruptions in the past few decades. However, the factors controlling the time evolution of caldera collapse eruptions are poorly understood, which limits our ability to infer past eruptive conditions and make forecasts about ongoing or future eruptions. This project will develop caldera collapse simulations that include both earthquakes and magma dynamics, then compare simulations to various types of geologic data and volcano monitoring data. The project will quantify controls on caldera collapse eruption evolution and constrain important rock and magma system properties at several volcanoes, including Kīlauea in Hawaii. In addition to communicating results to volcano observatories, immersive animations and sonifications of the 2018 Kīlauea eruption will be produced for broader outreach.This project will study temporal dynamics of caldera collapse in both mafic and silicic eruptions. It will examine what controls eruption episodicity, and how this influences eruptive regimes and overall eruption volume and duration. This project will develop 3D numerical models that couple elastic and multiphase fluid mechanics, including earthquake physics and magma ascent dynamics. Simulations will be compared to geophysical and video data from recent mafic eruptions to constrain ring fault geometry and frictional properties. Simulations will also be compared to geologic and petrologic data from older silicic eruptions to examine how different proposed pre-eruptive reservoir conditions, including magma stratification and melt lens distributions, influence eruptions and the resulting deposits.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

许多火山喷发都涉及火山口倒塌，随着喷发的进行，一部分岩石上覆盖的岩石储备下降。火山口倒塌发生在地球历史上最大的爆炸性爆发期间，也发生了过去几十年的多次爆发。但是，控制火山口塌陷喷发时间演变的因素知之甚少，这限制了我们推断过去的喷发条件并使森林对正在进行或将来的喷发造成的森林。该项目将开发火山口塌陷模拟，包括地震和岩浆动力学，然后将模拟与各种类型的地质数据和火山监测数据进行比较。该项目将量化对火山口塌陷喷发的演变的控制，以及在包括夏威夷的Kīlauea在内的多个火山的重要岩石和岩浆系统的特性。除了将结果传达给火山观察家外，还将生产出更广泛的外展活动的2018年基拉伊亚爆发的沉浸式动画和谐音。该项目将研究镁铁质和有机硅爆发中火山口塌陷的临时动力学。它将检查哪些控制喷发发作，以及这如何影响喷发状态以及整体喷发量和持续时间。该项目将开发3D数值模型，将弹性和多相流体力学（包括地震物理学和岩浆上升动力学）融为一体。将将模拟与最近镁铁质喷发的地球物理和视频数据进行比较，以限制环形故障几何形状和摩擦特性。 Simulations will also be compared to geologic and petrologic data from older siliconic eruptions to examining how different proposed pre-eruptive reserver conditions, including magma stratification and melt lens distributions, influence eruptions and the resulting deposits.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.