Collaborative Research: ORCC: Carryover effects of multiple climate change stressors in oysters: mechanisms and consequences across stages of ontogeny

合作研究：ORCC：多种气候变化压力源对牡蛎的遗留影响：个体发育各阶段的机制和后果

• 批准号: 2222310
• 负责人: Thomas Miller
• 金额: $ 96.28万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-12-01 至 2026-11-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2222310&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; ORCC; Carryover; effects

Climate change is exposing species to multiple stressors that affect their ability to grow, reproduce, and provide ecosystem services that benefit humans. However, repeated exposure to the same stressors over an organism’s lifetime may allow some species to acclimate and avoid these negative effects, especially if the initial exposure occurs when an individual is young. This study uses oysters to experimentally test how early life exposure to ocean warming and low dissolved oxygen affects oysters’ responses to these same stressors later in life. The eastern oyster is an economically important species that provides ecosystem services to humans such as reducing nitrogen loading to coastal systems and protecting shorelines from storms. But oyster survival and growth are negatively affected by declining dissolved oxygen caused by high nutrient runoff from land and rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature. The findings will improve our understanding of how repeated stress exposure affects species’ responses to climate change, and whether repeated exposure is a tool that can be harnessed to improve food and job security in aquaculture and resource management. This potential strategy will be shared with aquaculture stakeholders throughout Maryland in a series of workshops. It will engage graduate students and undergraduates in scientific research. It will also introduce elementary through high school students to the concepts of climate change and the importance of marine ecosystems to human well-being through the development and distribution of Science-to-Go modules that provide at-home science activity kits on topics related to the project.Phenotypic plasticity is an important component of organismal responses to climate change, but is typically examined only in relation to an individual’s current environment. However, organism phenotypes are frequently influenced by past environmental experiences such as those that occur early in life, but little is known about how these “within-generation carryover effects,” or the mechanisms that drive them, persist and change across organism ontogeny. The proposed research will explore how early life exposure to two interacting climate change stressors – hypoxia and warming – impacts eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) fitness as well as the potential mechanisms and ecological consequences of these carryover effects across multiple years and at multiple points during ontogeny. This study involves a series of manipulative experiments in the lab and field (on an aquaculture farm) and analyzes oyster fitness, microbiomes, methylomes, and nitrogen content at each ontogenetic stage. The need to understand plasticity through time and the lasting influence of past environments on organism traits is critical to accurately predict organismal responses to climate change. Because climate change is increasing the likelihood that organisms will be exposed to the same stressors repeatedly over their lifetimes, within-generation carryover effects may play an increasingly important role in adaptive responses. Carryover effects may be a means of quickly acclimating organisms to future environments that can be used in conjunction with selective breeding to create more resilient organisms. This research will thus generate data on a potential strategy for addressing effects of climate change on aquaculture and coastal systems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

气候变化使物种面临多种压力，影响其生长、繁殖和提供有益于人类的生态系统服务的能力。然而，在生物体的一生中反复暴露于相同的压力可能会让某些物种适应并避免这些负面影响，尤其是。如果首次接触发生在个体年轻时，这项研究使用牡蛎来实验测试早期接触海洋变暖和低溶解氧如何影响牡蛎在以后的生活中对这些相同压力源的反应。提供但是，陆地营养物径流过多以及大气二氧化碳和温度上升导致溶解氧下降，对牡蛎的生存和生长产生了负面影响。了解重复的压力暴露如何影响物种对气候变化的反应，以及重复的压力是否可以用来改善水产养殖和资源管理中的粮食和工作安全。这一潜在战略将与马里兰州的水产养殖利益相关者分享。系列研讨会。它还将通过开发和分发 Science-to-Go 模块，向中小学生介绍气候变化的概念以及海洋生态系统对人类福祉的重要性。与项目相关的主题的家庭科学活动套件。表型可塑性是生物体对气候变化反应的重要组成部分，但通常仅根据个体当前的环境进行检查。然而，生物体表型经常受到过去环境经历的影响，例如。那些发生在生命早期的事情，但人们对这些“代内遗留效应”或驱动它们的机制如何在生物体个体发育中持续存在和变化知之甚少。拟议的研究将探讨生命早期暴露于两种相互作用的气候变化压力源（缺氧和变暖）的影响。东部牡蛎（Crassostrea virginica）的适应性以及这些遗留效应在个体发育过程中的多年和多个点的潜在机制和生态后果本研究涉及一系列实验室和现场（水产养殖）的操作实验。由于气候变化，了解随着时间的推移的可塑性以及过去环境对生物体特征的持久影响对于准确预测生物体对气候变化的反应至关重要。随着生物体在其一生中反复暴露于相同压力源的可能性不断增加，代内残留效应可能在适应性反应中发挥越来越重要的作用，残留效应可能是使生物体快速适应未来环境的一种手段。在因此，这项研究将产生有关解决气候变化对水产养殖和沿海系统影响的潜在策略的数据。该奖项是 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的评估被认为值得支持。智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。