Collaborative Research: The Anthropology of Demographic Transition and Livelihood Diversification

合作研究：人口转型和生计多样化的人类学

• 批准号: 2222264
• 负责人: Katherine Wander
• 金额: $ 1.69万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Binghamton
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2222264&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Anthropology; Demographic; Transition

The average size of human families has dropped dramatically over the last several decades. This affects families’ abilities to meet household needs and the welfare of family members adopting different subsistence roles. Given the implications of such demographic transitions for individual, family, and societal well-being, changes in family size have been intensively studied, and yet remain poorly resolved, particularly within contexts where relatively large family sizes remain normative. This research project uses theory from cultural and biological anthropology to understand the role that livelihood diversification may play in driving family size in mixed (subsistence and market) economies. It creates new collaborations among minority-serving institutions and research-intensive institutions, offers significant, fully remunerated training opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students, including in field, laboratory, and computational methods, and supports both early career and underrepresented scholars. It disseminates results broadly to stakeholder communities and to academic and non-academic audiences via scholarly presentations and publications and a variety of public-oriented media outlets.This project tests the hypothesis that the need to diversify livelihoods in contexts with mixed economies is associated with larger family sizes than are predicted under typical models of demographic transition. Its first objective is to test whether and how economic and cultural factors influence ideal and realized family sizes. Its second is to investigate how family size affects children’s daily activities, both productive and consumptive, and how activity profiles influence children’s nutrition, energetics, physical fitness, and well-being. To do so, investigators collect data from a large sample of children residing in market-integrated, mixed, and subsistence economies, including data drawn from socio-demographic questionnaires that characterize livelihoods and cultural norms surrounding family size, physical activity and dietary logs, and anthropometric and biomarker assessments of health. Together, these data provide a much more detailed assessment of the patterns, causes, and consequences of family size variation as affected by variation in economic and cultural factors. Results thus inform missing aspects of demographic transition theory by focusing on the proximate means by which families adjust subsistence strategies to accommodate variation in economic and cultural landscapes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

考虑到这种人口变化对个人、家庭和社会的影响，人类家庭的平均规模在过去几十年中急剧下降，这影响了家庭满足家庭需求的能力以及采取不同生存角色的家庭成员的福利。 -家庭规模的变化已经得到深入研究，但仍未得到很好的解决，特别是在家庭规模相对较大的情况下，该研究项目利用文化和生物人类学的理论来理解生计多样化在推动中可能发挥的作用。混合家庭规模它在少数族裔服务机构和研究密集型机构之间建立了新的合作关系，为本科生和研究生提供了重要的、全额报酬的培训机会，包括在现场、实验室和计算方法方面的培训机会，并支持早期职业生涯。它通过学术演讲和出版物以及各种面向公众的媒体向利益相关者社区以及学术和非学术受众广泛传播研究结果。该项目检验了生计多样化的必要性这一假设。在混合经济背景下，家庭规模大于典型人口转型模型所预测的规模。其第一个目标是测试经济和文化因素是否以及如何影响和实现家庭规模。第二个目标是研究家庭规模如何影响。儿童的日常活动，包括生产性活动和消费性活动，以及活动状况如何影响儿童的营养、精力、身体健康和福祉。为此，调查人员从居住在市场一体化、混合性和生存环境中的大量儿童样本中收集了数据。经济，包括从社会人口调查问卷中提取的数据，这些数据描述了围绕家庭规模、体育活动和饮食日志的生计和文化规范，以及健康的人体测量和生物标志物评估，这些数据共同提供了对模式、原因、因此，结果通过关注家庭调整生存策略以适应经济和文化景观变化的直接手段，揭示了人口转型理论中缺失的方面。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的成果。法定使命并具有通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，该项目被认为值得支持。