Collaborative Proposal: MRA: Local- to continental-scale drivers of biodiversity across the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON)

合作提案：MRA：国家生态观测站网络 (NEON) 区域到大陆范围的生物多样性驱动因素

• 批准号: 2301322
• 负责人: Sydne Record
• 金额: $ 36.83万
• 依托单位: University of Maine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-10-15 至 2024-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2301322&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Proposal; MRA; Local; continental; Collaborative; Proposal; MRA; Local; continental

Understanding how natural and human-made factors affect geographic patterns of biodiversity is essential for planning conservation efforts, especially in the face of rapid global changes. Geographic patterns of biodiversity are expected to be influenced by a combination of local biological factors, like competition among species, and by regional to continental physical factors, such as climate. However, this expectation has not been evaluated from local to continental scales across diverse species lineages. In addition, natural and human-made disturbances are likely to alter this expectation. This study uses the geographic design of the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) across the USA to test this idea, by quantifying multiple biological and physical factors affecting biodiversity patterns of small mammals, fish, and ground beetles at nested spatial scales. The study will add new, publicly available data to NEON including measures of animal body sizes, species diversity, and geospatial layers for disturbance and land use histories, climate, geology, and topography. Teaching modules will highlight data science skills needed to work with NEON data. Undergraduates, graduate students, and postdocs will engage directly with the research. The study will also engage the public and increase awareness of the biosphere and environmental change with an interactive exhibit for Science on a Sphere developed with computer science students, a natural history museum, and a large science festival.The proposed research will advance the field of ecology by connecting fine-grained measurements of individual organism traits, like body size, to cross-scale drivers of biodiversity from plot to continental scales. This research develops a conceptual framework that describes relationships among intraspecific trait variation (ITV) in body size, biodiversity, and drivers related to disturbance, past land use, and their interactions. This framework will advance basic theory and prediction of spatial biodiversity patterns by linking ITV to drivers of biodiversity across scales. Three main questions include: (1) How does spatial scale influence body size ITV and its relationship with biodiversity across taxa within NEON? (2) How is disturbance regime explained by different scales of climate, geodiversity and land cover, and past land use across NEON? (3) How do relationships among climate, geodiversity and land cover, past land use, disturbance regime, and body size ITV explain variation in biodiversity across taxa from local to continental scales? The proposed research will meet a major research need within NEON, to quantify disturbance and land use history data from the plot to the domain scale. Such data are essential to interpretation of observational ecological data and will be publicly disseminated as a geospatial and tabular database containing code for linking other NEON plot, site, and domain data products. These new data and biodiversity analyses will serve to establish a baseline for future spatiotemporal NEON data products that concern ecological communities and ITV.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

了解自然和人为因素如何影响生物多样性的地理模式对于计划保护工作至关重要，尤其是面对全球快速变化。预计生物多样性的地理模式将受到局部生物因素的组合，例如物种之间的竞争以及区域到大陆物理因素（例如气候）的影响。但是，尚未从各种物种谱系的局部到大陆尺度评估这种期望。此外，自然和人为的障碍可能会改变这种期望。这项研究使用了美国国家生态天文台网络（NEON）的地理设计来测试这一想法，通过量化影响小型哺乳动物，鱼类和地面甲虫在嵌套空间尺度下的生物多样性模式的多种生物学和物理因素。该研究将为霓虹灯增加新的公开数据，包括动物体大小，物种多样性和地理空间层的措施，用于干扰和土地使用历史，气候，地质和地形。教学模块将重点介绍使用霓虹灯数据所需的数据科学技能。本科生，研究生和博士后将直接与研究互动。这项研究还将与公众吸引公众，并通过与计算机科学专业的学生，​​自然历史博物馆和大型科学节开发的科学展览来提高对生物圈和环境变化的认识。拟议的研究将通过连接单个有机体特征的精细粒度测量来推进生态学领域，这些研究将对体型（如跨尺度驾驶员），以跨尺度的生物量表与跨尺度的量表相连，从而促进生态学。这项研究开发了一个概念框架，该框架描述了与干扰，过去的土地使用及其相互作用有关的体型，生物多样性和驱动因素的种内性状变化（ITV）之间的关系。该框架将通过将ITV与跨尺度的生物多样性驱动因素联系起来，从而提高空间生物多样性模式的基本理论和预测。三个主要问题包括：（1）空间量表如何影响ITV的身​​体大小及其与霓虹灯内分类单元的生物多样性的关系？ （2）如何通过不同尺度的气候，地球多样性和土地覆盖以及过去的霓虹灯土地使用来解释干扰制度？ （3）气候，地球多样性和土地覆盖，过去的土地使用，干扰制度和体型ITV之间的关系如何解释从本地到大陆尺度的整个分类单元的生物多样性变化？拟议的研究将满足霓虹灯内的主要研究需求，以量化从图到域量表的干扰和土地使用历史数据。这样的数据对于观察性生态数据的解释至关重要，并将公开传播为一个地理空间和表格数据库，该数据库包含用于链接其他霓虹灯图，现场和域数据产品的代码。这些新的数据和生物多样性分析将有助于为未来的时空霓虹灯数据产品建立基线，这些数据产品与生态社区和ITV有关。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并认为值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准通过评估来进行评估。