A Novel Soybean Flour-based Sizing and Strength Additive for Replacing the Daily Food Starch in the Papermaking Process

一种新型大豆粉基施胶剂和强度添加剂，用于替代造纸过程中的日用食品淀粉

• 批准号: 2243120
• 负责人: Abdus Salam
• 金额: $ 21.19万
• 依托单位: Western Michigan University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-04-15 至 2026-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2243120&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Novel; Soybean; Flour; based; Sizing

Millions of tons of starches are used as a paper sizing and dry strength additive every year despite the fact that starch is typically in high demand for daily meals. This is important to note because global food demand is increasing due to population growth. Similarly, millions of tons of petroleum-based paper dry strength agents used in the paper making industry have raised environmental concerns, motivating efforts toward developing alternatives. Soybean flour is a cheap complex polysaccharide compared to starch, modified starches, or petroleum-based strength agents, and may be a suitable substitute. But the main problem associated with using soybean flour is that it poses a bacterial digestion problem that can produce bad odors and fouling, vital issues to consider for use in paper industries. The goal of this project is to stop the bacterial decomposition of soybean flour by an environmentally sustainable chemical modification in order to benefit paper sizing/strength applications in the paper and paper packaging industries. The key research activities of this work include: 1) synthesis of quaternary positively charged functionalized soybean flour by a specific chemical pathway modification in which modified soybean flour will ultimately demonstrate the antimicrobial activity to overcome bacterial decomposition, 2) investigation of the biological decomposition of modified soybean flour and unmodified soybean flour to determine antimicrobial performance, and 3) characterization of the physical properties and antimicrobial activities of the modified soybean flour and modified soybean flour-treated sized paper. The goal is for these materials to be used as an alternative to starch-based sizing/strength agents in the paper and paper packaging industries. The proposed modified soybean flour has the potential to address low-cost, high-performance, biodegradable, and food-grade requirements for non-toxic paper products. Additionally, the project holds the potential to lead to the replacement of non-biodegradable and polluting petroleum-based paper dry-strength agents such as polyacrylamide used in the paper industries and thus address environmental and health concerns. Both graduate and undergraduate students will be members of the project team. In addition, K-12 outreach is planned as part of the total project deliverables.The project approach is based on exploiting an innovative reaction mechanism for introducing a quaternary cationic charge into soybean flour such that the functionalized soybean flour will exhibit bactericidal activity and overcome biologically-induced decomposition. Preliminary results support the hypothesis that the introduction of this quaternary cationic charge in soybean flour plays a key role in stopping biological digestion and inhibiting soybean flour contamination by bacteria, mold, and fungi. This hypothesis will be further examined by testing reaction conditions in pursuit of enhancing targeted performance. Modified soybean flour will be analyzed by FTIR, NMR, XPS, SEM, TGA, DSC, and XRD to confirm modification and thermal stability. Cationic charges in cross-linked modified soybean flour will be determined by a charge analyzer and antimicrobial activity will be evaluated by standard AATCC 100 and FTTS- FA-002 test methods. The biological digestion of soybean flour and quaternary cationic charged-functionalized soybean flour will be evaluated by ASTM test methods. Preliminary lab results have shown that the quaternary cationic charged-functionalized soybean flour significantly enhances the antimicrobial properties of itself and with a sized paper sheet as well as significantly contributing to the tensile strength of paper. The work will probe not only the chemical transformations but also explore a range of reactants and crosslinking agents, and optimize reaction conditions to make functionally competent and application-motivated antimicrobial soybean flours to potentially replace daily food starch. Likewise, preliminary results indicate that the functionalized soybean flour can be used as a surface sizing agent in paper to change absorption properties and increase the strength of sized paper, potentially replacing starch-based sizing agents. The project will further confirm these preliminary results. The absorption, strength, stiffness, printability, and other properties of modified soybean flour-treated sized paper will be evaluated and compared with starch-treated sized paper properties. The antimicrobial properties of modified soybean flour-treated sized paper will be evaluated to confirm the inhibition of bacterial decomposition of soybean flour. Additionally, modified soybean flour will be blended with pulp slurry to fabricate additive-treated paper sheets to characterize physical properties, especially strength compared to commercial petroleum-based strength additive (polyacrylamide)-treated papers.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

尽管淀粉通常对每日餐点的需求很高，但每年将数百万吨淀粉用作纸张尺寸和干强度添加剂。这很重要，因为由于人口增长，全球粮食需求正在增加。同样，制造行业中使用的数百万吨基于石油的纸质干强度代理引起了环境问题的关注，激发了开发替代方案的努力。与淀粉，改良淀粉或基于石油的强度剂相比，大豆面粉是一种廉价的复杂多糖，并且可能是合适的替代品。但是，使用大豆粉与使用大豆相关的主要问题是，它提出了一个细菌消化问题，该问题可能会产生不良的气味和结垢，要考虑在纸业中使用的重要问题。该项目的目的是通过环境可持续的化学修饰来阻止大豆粉的细菌分解，以使纸张和纸包装行业中的纸张尺寸/强度应用受益。这项工作的关键研究活动包括：1）通过特定的化学途径修饰合成QUATERNARY充电功能化的大豆面粉，其中经过修改的大豆面粉最终将证明要克服细菌分解的抗菌活性，以克服细菌分解，2）研究改良的大豆粉和未定型的粉料的生物分解，以确定改良的粉料粉状粉料，以确定粉料的粉料和三种粉料，以确定粉料的粉料和3种特征性的粉料，以确定粉料的生物分解。改良的大豆粉的性质和抗菌活性和改性大豆处理的大小纸。目的是将这些材料用作纸张和纸包装行业中淀粉尺寸/强度代理的替代方法。拟议的改良大豆面粉有可能解决无毒纸产品的低成本，高性能，可生物降解和食品级要求。此外，该项目有可能导致更换非生物降解和污染的基于石油的纸质干强度剂，例如造纸工业中使用的聚丙烯酰胺，从而解决了环境和健康问题。研究生和本科生将成为项目团队的成员。此外，计划将K-12外展作为项目总计可交付成果的一部分。该项目方法是基于利用创新的反应机制，用于将Quaternary阳离子电荷引入大豆粉中，以使官能化的大豆面间将表现出杀菌活性并克服生物学诱导的分解。初步结果支持以下假设：在大豆粉中引入这种第四纪阳离子电荷在停止生物消化和抑制细菌，霉菌和真菌污染大豆粉的污染方面起着关键作用。通过测试反应条件追求提高目标性能，将进一步审查该假设。改良的大豆面粉将通过FTIR，NMR，XPS，SEM，TGA，DSC和XRD分析，以确认修改和热稳定性。交联的改性大豆粉中的阳离子电荷将由电荷分析仪确定，抗菌活性将通过标准AATCC 100和FTTS-FA-002测试方法评估。将通过ASTM测试方法评估大豆粉和第四纪阳离子式官能化大豆粉的生物消化。初步实验室的结果表明，第四纪阳离子充电官能化的大豆粉可显着增强自身的抗菌特性，并具有大小的纸张纸，并显着促进纸张的拉伸强度。这项工作不仅将探测化学转化，还将探索一系列反应物和交联剂，并优化反应条件，以使功能合理和应用动机的抗菌大豆粉s有潜在地替代日常食品淀粉。同样，初步结果表明，功能化的大豆粉可以用作纸张中的表面尺寸剂，以改变吸收特性并增加大小纸张的强度，从而有可能替代基于淀粉的尺寸剂。该项目将进一步确认这些初步结果。将评估改良大豆处理大小的纸张的吸收，强度，刚度，可打印性和其他特性，并将与淀粉处理的大小纸质特性进行比较。将评估改良大豆处理尺寸的纸张的抗菌特性，以确认抑制细菌分解大豆粉。 Additionally, modified soybean flour will be blended with pulp slurry to fabricate additive-treated paper sheets to characterize physical properties, especially strength compared to commercial petroleum-based strength additive (polyacrylamide)-treated papers.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.