CAREER: CAS-Climate: Neighborhood-scale Assessment of the Air Quality Co-Benefits and Tradeoffs of Transportation Electrification

职业：CAS-气候：交通电气化空气质量协同效益和权衡的社区规模评估

• 批准号: 2239834
• 负责人: Daniel Horton
• 金额: $ 60万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2028-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2239834&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; CAS; Climate; Neighborhood; scale

In the face of climate change, one target is to transition combustion-powered sectors (such as internal combustion vehicles) into technologies powered by electricity. The strategy is that the electric grid – currently comprised of a mix of combustion, renewable, and nuclear generation units – will become cleaner and greener over time. Studies indicate that electrification will reduce greenhouse gas emissions regardless of the grid’s composition, however related air quality benefits remain poorly understood, particularly at impact- and equity-relevant neighborhood-scales. This project will develop and validate a fine-scale (~1 km) climate and air quality analysis framework that can assess the co-benefits and tradeoffs of electrified transportation options at neighborhood scales. The project will (i) create emission scenarios that account for increased grid demand and uncertainties in grid evolution, (ii) simulate the interaction of meteorological and chemical processes, (iii) characterize changes in GHGs and air pollutants, (iv) assess economic, social, and public health implications at equity-relevant neighborhood-scales, and (v) educate and inspire the next-generation of scientists and students with climate solution-focused curriculum development and mentorship opportunities. Research themes, methods, and products will be integrated into middle school curriculum via co-development of Next Generation Science Standards content and shared in an after-school mentorship programs serving under-represented student populations. The project will combine a fine-scale climate and chemical transport model along with air quality sensor monitoring data and a regulatory-grade modeling framework (WRF- CMAQ-SMOKE-MOVES) to bring focus to electric vehicle (EV) impacts at equity-relevant scales. Neighborhood-scale simulations are critical because air pollution and remediation efforts often have local impacts and effects – features vital for engendering support of policy makers and environmental justice supporters. Additionally, public discussions of climate solutions have traditionally been framed around their carbon emission reduction potential. However, benefits from concomitant reductions in air pollutants may exceed GHG abatement costs. Economic, social, and public health analyses of emergent technologies, if co-beneficial, could provide the impetus for consumer purchases and/or development of adoption incentive policies. Educational objectives of the project seek to simultaneously address multiple related challenges within the Earth & Environmental sciences, including the limited Earth & Environmental science content in school curricula and the lack of diversity in these fields. By partnering with a Northwestern University outreach organization to develop sustainability-based content as part of the on-going implementation of Next Generation Science Standards, the investigator will introduce the project's research to a diverse population of students and help to bridge in-school and out-of-school STEM-focused educational activities while facilitating potentially transformative learning experiences. Meaningful and sustained contact with these students is intended to promote their college readiness and STEM interest, as well as provide teaching and outreach opportunities for the investigator's trainees.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

面对气候变化，目标之一是将燃烧动力行业（例如内燃机汽车）转变为电力驱动技术，该战略是目前由燃烧、可再生能源和核能发电组成的电网。研究表明，无论电网的构成如何，电气化都会减少温室气体排放，但人们对相关的空气质量效益仍知之甚少，特别是在与影响和公平相关的社区范围内。并验证精细尺度（约 1 公里）气候和空气质量分析框架，可以评估社区范围内电气化交通方案的协同效益和权衡。该项目将 (i) 创建排放情景，以解释电网需求的增加和电网发展的不确定性，（ ii) 模拟气象和化学过程的相互作用，(iii) 描述温室气体和空气污染物的变化特征，(iv) 评估与公平相关的社区规模的经济、社会和公共卫生影响，以及 (v) 教育和激励为下一代科学家和学生提供以气候解决方案为中心的课程开发和指导机会，研究主题、方法和产品将通过共同开发下一代科学标准内容纳入中学课程，并在课后指导中分享。该项目将结合精细气候和化学物质传输模型以及空气质量传感器监测数据和监管级建模框架（WRF-CMAQ-SMOKE-MOVES），将重点放在电动汽车上。 (EV) 影响社区规模的模拟至关重要，因为空气污染和整治工作往往会产生局部影响和影响——这些特征对于获得政策制定者和环境正义支持者的支持至关重要。然而，随之而来的空气污染物减少带来的效益可能会超过温室气体减排成本，对新兴技术的经济、社会和公共卫生分析如果具有共同效益，则可能会提供动力。该项目的教育目标旨在同时解决地球与环境科学领域的多项相关挑战，包括学校课程中有限的地球与环境科学内容以及这些领域缺乏多样性。通过与西北大学外展组织合作开发基于可持续发展的内容，作为下一代科学标准持续实施的一部分，研究人员将向不同的学生群体介绍该项目的研究，并帮助在校内外建立桥梁。 -以学校STEM为重点教育活动，同时促进与这些学生的有意义和持续的接触，旨在促进他们的大学准备和 STEM 兴趣，并为研究者的学员提供教学和外展机会。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并被视为值得通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。