HBCU-Excellence in Research: Radiative Forcing Due to Carbon Dioxide and Black Carbon in Urban Areas

HBCU-卓越研究：城市地区二氧化碳和黑碳造成的辐射强迫

• 批准号: 2200531
• 负责人: Zhiming Yang
• 金额: $ 10.83万
• 依托单位: North Carolina Central University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2200531&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: HBCU; Excellence; Research; Radiative; Forcing

It is well known that carbon dioxide (CO2) and black carbon are two potent climate drivers that absorb sunlight and play a critical role to influence the Earth's radiation budget and local/regional climate. Black carbon (BC) is also associated with human health problems such as respiratory and cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Thus, it is essential to know concentrations of CO2 and BC and have a clear understanding of direct radiative forcing (DRF) due to CO2 and black carbon at a city level. Current radiative forcing is estimated at a regional or global level due to limited concentration measurements of CO2 and BC. The objective of this study is to examine temporal variations of CO2 and BC at one urban site and develop a unique approach to estimate radiative forcing at a city level. The findings from this project will help better understand larger uncertainties in climate change prediction by various climate models. Also, this research exposes both graduate and undergraduate students to real-life environmental problems and provides them great opportunities to learn quantitative skills used in the fields of environmental science. This will in turn help increase the number of minority students who will pursue STEM degrees.In this project, one Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFR-7) will be used to measure total, diffuse, and direct irradiance at six wavelengths at one urban site and one ObservAir® sensor will be used to monitor BC, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide concentrations. Mobile measurements will be conducted at one urban site and one rural site six times per day weekly using 5-wavelength UV-IR Black Carbon monitor (microAeth® MA200). Also, one Air Quality Particle Counting Meter will be used to provide measures of 6 sizes of particles. Then the Santa Barbara Discrete Ordinate (DISORT) model will be used to retrieve optical and microphysical parameters including single scatter albedo(SSA) and asymmetry parameter with the inclusion of MODIS imagery. The next step involves the estimation of CO2 radiative forcing and the calculation of aerosol radiative forcing using Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer(SBDART) model at a city level and different seasons. This research will allow better characterization of aerosol optical and microphysical parameters including single scattering albedo and asymmetry parameter at a city level, which could help understand large uncertainties in estimates of DRF used for many climate models. Also, a new method on estimation of DRF will be developed in order to estimate DRF at a city level.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

众所周知，二氧化碳 (CO2) 和黑碳是两种有效的气候驱动因素，它们吸收阳光并在影响地球辐射预算和局部/区域气候方面发挥着关键作用。黑碳 (BC) 还与人类健康问题有关。因此，了解 CO2 和 BC 的浓度并清楚地了解城市层面由 CO2 和黑碳引起的直接辐射强迫 (DRF) 至关重要。在区域或全球层面由于 CO2 和 BC 的浓度测量有限，本研究的目的是检查一个城市地点的 CO2 和 BC 的时间变化，并开发一种独特的方法来估计城市层面的辐射强迫。该项目的结果将有助于更好地估计。此外，这项研究使研究生和本科生接触到现实生活中的环境问题，并为他们提供了学习环境科学领域中使用的定量技能的绝佳机会。增加追求 STEM 的少数族裔学生数量在该项目中，一台多重滤光片旋转影带辐射计 (MFR-7) 将用于测量一个城市站点六个波长的总辐照度、漫射辐照度和直接辐照度，一台 ObservAir® 传感器将用于监测黑碳、一氧化碳和二氧化碳浓度将使用 5 波长 UV-IR 黑碳监测仪 (microAeth® MA200) 每天在一个城市站点和一个农村站点进行六次移动测量。仪表将用于提供 6 种颗粒尺寸的测量，然后使用圣巴巴拉离散纵坐标 (DISORT) 模型来检索光学和微物理参数，包括单散射反照率 (SSA) 和不对称参数，并包含 MODIS 图像。步骤涉及使用圣巴巴拉 DISORT 大气辐射传输（SBDART）模型在城市层面和不同季节估计 CO2 辐射强迫和气溶胶辐射强迫。可以更好地表征气溶胶光学和微物理参数，包括城市层面的单散射反照率和不对称参数，这可以帮助理解许多气候模型中使用的 DRF 估计中的巨大不确定性。此外，还将开发一种新的 DRF 估计方法。为了估计城市层面的 DRF。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并且通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。