Collaborative Research: ORCC: The Interplay of Plasticity and Evolution in Pierid Butterfly Responses to Recent Climate Change

合作研究：ORCC：粉蝶对近期气候变化的可塑性和进化的相互作用

• 批准号: 2222090
• 负责人: Joel Kingsolver
• 金额: $ 9.86万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-12-01 至 2026-11-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2222090&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; ORCC; Interplay; Plasticity

Plants and animals have responded to recent climate change in a variety of different ways, highlighting the need to identify the biological mechanisms that can result in seemingly unpredictable responses. Incorporating the mechanisms into ecological and evolutionary forecasting models is essential to accurately project the biodiversity consequences of climate change. Dramatic insect declines, including of butterflies in the Western US, reinforce the need to improve forecasts for conservation planning related to biodiversity, agriculture, and the maintenance of ecosystem services such as pollination. Will insect populations move, go extinct, or be able to adapt to future climate change? Researchers will repeat historical lab and field experiments with Pierid butterflies to ask whether evolution and developmental plasticity of larval and adult traits relevant to thermal responses have kept pace with recent climate change. Modeling resources will be disseminated through the ‘TrEnCh’ project, which provides computational and visualization tools to Translate Environmental Change into organismal responses. Trainees will translate the research into TrEnCh-Ed inquiry-based modules with interactive data visualizations. Workshops will introduce these resources to high school and undergraduate teachers. The proposed research will partially be conducted via course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) at a community college with a diverse student body. The CUREs will introduce students to relevant concepts in plant and animal biology and to the research process. Some students will continue research and professional development training in the summer to facilitate their transition to a 4-year college and their retention in science. The research will identify the biological mechanisms underlying evolutionary and plastic responses to climate change by quantifying how butterfly temperatures have shifted over several decades and developing a mechanistic model that links the temperature changes and traits to ecological and evolutionary responses. The following studies will test the mechanisms predicted to drive evolution and refine the model. Repeating field selection studies will investigate whether selection on Pieris rapae larval thermal performance curves (TPCs) and on Pontia occidentalis adult body size and wing traits has shifted over time. Studying selection on several wing traits across seasons will indicate relative selective responses to thermal means versus extremes and assay whether selection varies seasonally. The research will determine whether selection results in evolution of larval TPCs as well as adult traits and their plasticity. The project will test several hypotheses related to recent warming. Performance at high temperatures will be enhanced relative to the past. Wing coloration involved in heat-avoidance postures will be lighter. Wing coloration involved in basking may lighten in response to climate warming, but there may be selection for wing darkening to allow for performance in cool, early season conditions. These opposing selection pressures will lead to amplified seasonal variation in selection and selection for increased plasticity. The research will additionally assess whether genetic correlations and variation have constrained evolution and whether they have shifted over time. The research will further develop and test phenotype-based models to solve the problem of unpredictability in climate change biology.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

动植物以多种不同方式对最近的气候变化做出了反应，强调了识别可能导致看似不可预测反应的生物学机制的需求。将机制纳入生态和进化预测模型，对于准确投影气候变化的生物多样性后果至关重要。戏剧性的绝缘材料下降，包括美国西部的蝴蝶，强大了需要改善与生物多样性有关的保护计划的森林，同意以及维持生态系统服务（例如授粉）。昆虫种群会移动，灭绝还是能够适应未来的气候变化？研究人员将重复使用Pierid Butherflies进行历史实验室和现场实验，以询问与热反应相关的幼体和成人性状的进化和发展可塑性是否与最近的气候变化保持同步。建模资源将通过“ TRENCH”项目传播，该项目提供了计算和可视化工具，以将环境变化转化为有机响应。学员将研究将研究转化为具有交互性数据可视化的基于沟槽的基于沟槽的模块。研讨会将向高中和本科教师介绍这些资源。拟议的研究将部分通过基于课程的本科研究经验（治疗）在具有多样化的学生团体的社区学院进行。这些疗法将向学生介绍动植物生物学的相关概念以及研究过程。一些学生将在夏季继续研究和专业发展培训，以促进他们向4年大学的过渡及其在科学领域的保留。这项研究将通过量化蝴蝶温度在几十年中的变化以及开发一种将温度变化和特征与生态和进化反应联系起来的机械模型，来确定对气候变化的进化和塑性反应的生物学机制。以下研究将测试预测驱动进化并完善模型的机制。重复的现场选择研究将研究Pieris Rapae幼虫热性能曲线（TPC）以及Occidentalis成人体型和翼特性的选择是否随着时间而变化。在整个季节的几个机翼性状上进行选择，将表明对热手段与极端的相对选择性反应，并断言选择是否季节性变化。该研究将确定选择是否导致幼虫TPC以及成人特征及其可塑性的发展。该项目将检验与最近变暖有关的几个假设。相对于过去，高温下的性能将提高。避免热姿势的机翼颜色将更轻。与气候变暖有关的亮度可能会减轻晒太阳的颜色，但可能会选择翅膀变暗，以便在凉爽的早期条件下进行性能。这些相反的选择压力将导致选择和选择增加可塑性的季节性变化。该研究还将评估遗传相关性和变异是否限制了进化以及它们是否随着时间的流逝而变化。该研究将进一步开发和测试基于表型的模型，以解决气候变化生物学中不可预测性的问题。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，通过评估诚实地认为支持了支持。