Collaborative Research: Investigating Bubble-Mediated Gas Exchange in a Strongly Convective Ocean during the Bubble Exchange in the Labrador Sea (BELS) Experiment

合作研究：在拉布拉多海气泡交换（BELS）实验期间调查强对流海洋中气泡介导的气体交换

• 批准号: 2220365
• 负责人: Junhong Liang
• 金额: $ 32.33万
• 依托单位: Louisiana State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-10-01 至 2025-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2220365&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Investigating; Bubble; Mediated

The Labrador Sea, part of the North Atlantic Ocean between Canada and Greenland, is one of the few places in the world where the deep ocean is ventilated. It is where salts and dissolved gases enter the deep ocean, thereby setting the chemical and physical environments of the deep ocean. An earlier study using data collected during a field campaign in the Labrador Sea from fall 2016 to spring 2017 showed that the traditional mathematical formulas used to calculate air-sea gas fluxes, i.e., how fast gases go in and out of the ocean, are inaccurate for the Labrador Sea. The reason may have to do with the unique environment there: strong wind, big waves, and chilling air. The earlier study indicated that it is not possible to make accurate estimates of how much gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, are supplied to the deep ocean. Since oxygen is crucial to marine animals and carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases contributing to global warming, there is an urgent need to develop more accurate formulas for air-sea gas fluxes that could be used in the Labrador Sea and elsewhere. In this project, scientists will go to the Labrador Sea in fall 2023 to make detailed measurements of oceanic and atmospheric conditions near the air-sea interface using recently developed techniques such as autonomous vehicles. In addition, high-fidelity computer simulations, only possible using supercomputers, will be conducted for the physical and chemical environments of the upper ocean. By synthesizing the new data and computer solutions, more accurate mathematical formulas for air-sea gas fluxes suitable for the world’s oceans including the Labrador Sea will be developed. The overarching objectives of the proposed study are to better understand bubble processes and bubble-mediated gas transfer and to propose a revised parameterization suitable for the world’s ocean, including strongly convective environments typical of the high-latitude ocean. An associated objective is to quantify the effect of solubility on bubble-mediated gas transfer. The proposed research includes an observational program and a modeling program. The observational component is part of the Bubble Exchange in the Labrador Sea (BELS) experiment – an international program during the Fall of 2023 in the Labrador Sea. The researchers will measure bubble-mediated air-sea invasion rates of CO2/O2/N2 and evasion rates of 3He/SF6 and make detailed measurements of gas flux forcing including bubbles and turbulent currents in the mixed layer. They will employ various approaches including 1D- and 3D-budgets, shipboard direct eddy covariance fluxes, as well as autonomous vehicles. These observations will be synthesized using state-of-the-art numerical models that concurrently simulate turbulent ocean currents, bubbles, and dissolved gases. The project aims to improve parameterizations of air-sea gas fluxes and reduce uncertainty in future predictions of gas uptake during ocean ventilation that may result from global warming.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

拉布拉多海是加拿大和格陵兰岛之间的北大西洋的一部分，是世界上为数不多的深海通风的地方之一。盐和溶解的气体进入深海，从而形成了化学和物理环境。一项早期研究使用了 2016 年秋季至 2017 年春季拉布拉多海实地考察期间收集的数据，结果表明，用于计算海气通量的传统数学公式，即计算速度有多快。拉布拉多海的气体进出海洋并不准确，原因可能与那里独特的环境有关：强风、大浪和寒冷的空气。由于氧气对海洋动物至关重要，而二氧化碳是导致全球变暖的温室气体之一，因此迫切需要开发更准确的估算方法。空气-海洋气体通量公式在该项目中，科学家将于 2023 年秋季前往拉布拉多海，利用自动驾驶车辆等最新开发的技术对海气界面附近的海洋和大气状况进行详细测量。只有使用超级计算机才能实现的高保真度计算机模拟将针对上层海洋的物理和化学环境进行，通过综合新的数据和计算机解决方案，可以得出适合海洋的空气-海洋气体通量的更准确的数学公式。拟议研究的总体目标是更好地了解气泡过程和气泡介导的气体转移，并提出适合世界海洋的修订参数化，包括高纬度地区典型的对流环境。一个相关的目标是量化溶解度对气泡介导的气体转移的影响。观测部分是拉布拉多海气泡交换的一部分。 (BELS) 实验 – 2023 年秋季在拉布拉多海进行的一项国际计划，研究人员将测量气泡介导的 CO2/O2/N2 的气海入侵率和 3He/SF6 的逃逸率，并对他们将采用各种方法，包括 1D 和 3D 预算、船上直接涡流协方差通量以及自主方法。这些观测结果将使用最先进的数值模型进行综合，该模型同时模拟湍流洋流、气泡和溶解气体。该项目旨在改进空气-海洋气体通量的参数化，并减少未来气体预测的不确定性。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。