Collaborative Research: Investigating Bubble-Mediated Gas Exchange in a Strongly Convective Ocean during the Bubble Exchange in the Labrador Sea (BELS) Experiment

合作研究：在拉布拉多海气泡交换（BELS）实验期间调查强对流海洋中气泡介导的气体交换

• 批准号: 2220365
• 负责人: Junhong Liang
• 金额: $ 32.33万
• 依托单位: Louisiana State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-10-01 至 2025-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2220365&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Investigating; Bubble; Mediated

The Labrador Sea, part of the North Atlantic Ocean between Canada and Greenland, is one of the few places in the world where the deep ocean is ventilated. It is where salts and dissolved gases enter the deep ocean, thereby setting the chemical and physical environments of the deep ocean. An earlier study using data collected during a field campaign in the Labrador Sea from fall 2016 to spring 2017 showed that the traditional mathematical formulas used to calculate air-sea gas fluxes, i.e., how fast gases go in and out of the ocean, are inaccurate for the Labrador Sea. The reason may have to do with the unique environment there: strong wind, big waves, and chilling air. The earlier study indicated that it is not possible to make accurate estimates of how much gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, are supplied to the deep ocean. Since oxygen is crucial to marine animals and carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases contributing to global warming, there is an urgent need to develop more accurate formulas for air-sea gas fluxes that could be used in the Labrador Sea and elsewhere. In this project, scientists will go to the Labrador Sea in fall 2023 to make detailed measurements of oceanic and atmospheric conditions near the air-sea interface using recently developed techniques such as autonomous vehicles. In addition, high-fidelity computer simulations, only possible using supercomputers, will be conducted for the physical and chemical environments of the upper ocean. By synthesizing the new data and computer solutions, more accurate mathematical formulas for air-sea gas fluxes suitable for the world’s oceans including the Labrador Sea will be developed. The overarching objectives of the proposed study are to better understand bubble processes and bubble-mediated gas transfer and to propose a revised parameterization suitable for the world’s ocean, including strongly convective environments typical of the high-latitude ocean. An associated objective is to quantify the effect of solubility on bubble-mediated gas transfer. The proposed research includes an observational program and a modeling program. The observational component is part of the Bubble Exchange in the Labrador Sea (BELS) experiment – an international program during the Fall of 2023 in the Labrador Sea. The researchers will measure bubble-mediated air-sea invasion rates of CO2/O2/N2 and evasion rates of 3He/SF6 and make detailed measurements of gas flux forcing including bubbles and turbulent currents in the mixed layer. They will employ various approaches including 1D- and 3D-budgets, shipboard direct eddy covariance fluxes, as well as autonomous vehicles. These observations will be synthesized using state-of-the-art numerical models that concurrently simulate turbulent ocean currents, bubbles, and dissolved gases. The project aims to improve parameterizations of air-sea gas fluxes and reduce uncertainty in future predictions of gas uptake during ocean ventilation that may result from global warming.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

拉布拉多海是加拿大和格陵兰岛之间北大西洋的一部分，是世界上深海通风的少数地方之一。在这里，盐和溶解的气体进入深海，从而设置深海的化学和物理环境。从2016年秋季到2017年春季，使用在拉布拉多海的一次现场活动中收集的数据的一项早期研究表明，用于计算气海气通量的传统数学公式，即，对于拉布拉多海而言，气体进出海洋的速度是不准确的。原因可能与那里的独特环境有关：强风，大波浪和寒冷的空气。较早的研究表明，无法准确估计多少气体（例如氧气和二氧化碳）提供给深海。由于氧气对海洋动物至关重要，二氧化碳是导致全球变暖的温室气体之一，因此迫切需要开发更准确的公式，用于在拉布拉多海和其他地方可以使用的气海气通量。在该项目中，科学家将使用最近开发的技术（例如自动驾驶汽车），在2023年秋季去2023年秋季的拉布拉多海，对空气界面附近的海洋和大气条件进行详细测量。此外，只有使用超级计算机才能为上海洋的物理和化学环境进行高保真计算机模拟。通过综合新数据和计算机解决方案，将开发适合全球海洋（包括拉布拉多海）的气海气通量的更准确的数学公式。拟议的研究的总体目标是更好地了解气泡过程和气泡介导的气体转移，并提出适合世界海洋的修订参数化，包括高纬度海洋典型的对流环境。相关的目标是量化溶解度对气泡介导的气体转移的影响。拟议的研究包括一个观察计划和建模计划。观测成分是拉布拉多海（BELS）实验的泡沫交换的一部分，这是2023年秋季在拉布拉多海的国际计划。研究人员将测量气泡介导的二氧化碳/N2的空气浸润速率和3HE/SF6的进化速率，并详细测量混合层中气体通量强迫，包括气泡和湍流。他们将采用各种方法，包括1D和3D预算，船上直接涡流协方差通量以及自动驾驶汽车。这些观察结果将使用最新的数值模型合成，这些模型同时模拟湍流，气泡和溶解的气体。该项目旨在改善空气气体通量的参数，并减少可能由全球变暖导致的海洋通风期间的气体吸收预测的不确定性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来评估通过评估而被认为是珍贵的。