Maintaining Deep Ocean Observations: The ALOHA Cabled Observatory

维持深海观测：ALOHA 有线观测站

• 批准号: 2220319
• 负责人: James Potemra
• 金额: $ 327.49万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-06-15 至 2027-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2220319&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Maintaining; Deep; Ocean; Observations; ALOHA

The long-term ocean monitoring site 100 km north of Oahu, Hawaii known as station ALOHA (A Long-term Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment) has been the location of repeated observations since the late 1980's. More recently, a deep-sea observatory, cabled to shore, was established near station ALOHA. The ALOHA Cabled Observatory (ACO) was deployed in June 2011 and supports innovative scientific research at Station ALOHA. The ACO provides the ocean science community with essential infrastructure and access for sustained science at Station ALOHA, an oligotrophic (desert) site representative of a large fraction of the global ocean. As the deepest operational cabled station, it enables the development, testing and operation for science of new ocean observing sensors and technology, from the abyss to the surface. ALOHA is one setting where it will be possible to connect the ocean from top to bottom, both literally and figuratively, to improve understanding so we can model and predict for human impacts biogeochemical and physical processes at all temporal and spatial scales.The ALOHA Cabled Observatory (ACO) is the deepest operating cabled ocean observatory on our planet. Situated on the seafloor at Station ALOHA in 4728 m water depth, the ACO provides infrastructure and data for new and exciting, globally relevant science and technology. The observatory complements the quasi-monthly Hawaii Ocean Timeseries (HOT) ship-based measurements and Woods Hole/HOT (WHOTS) surface mooring co-located at Station ALOHA. Together, these three programs uniquely provide high-resolution, full-water column measurements in the open ocean. These data together with those from many associated process studies form a unique, multivariate, long-term data set of the ocean state centered at one location. With the availability of relatively high power (1200 W), data bandwidth (100 Mb/s) and precise timing, a basic suite of core observations, and a new remotely operated vehicle (ROV) coming on-line, the ACO can support new and innovative science studies, in their own right as well as to complement HOT and other Station ALOHA science. Science questions include: How much carbon is exported to pelagic depths, the benthos and the sediment? What governs nutrient injection events into the euphotic zone, and export events to the deeper sea? What are the coupled biological and physical details and impacts of mixing throughout the water column? What are the biological and physical energetics in the abyssal ocean? How well are infra-gravity wave models performing? How do marine mammal populations and behaviors change over time? Can passive acoustics be used to infer ocean temperature? What can we learn about tsunamis and seismic events from the bottom pressure? Addressing such challenging questions will require technology advances such as distributed bottom arrays and water column profiling moorings. This grant supports continued ACO operations and maintenance for the scientific community. Core instrumentation will be repaired, deployed, and maintained, including a basic sensor package (pressure, fluorometer, and temperature/salinity). All data, including real time video and audio streams, are publicly available.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

自1980年代后期以来，在夏威夷瓦胡岛（Oahu）以北100公里处的长期海洋监测地点（长期贫营养栖息地评估）一直是反复观察的地点。最近，在阿罗哈（Aloha）站附近建立了一个到岸边的深海天文台。 Aloha有线观测站（ACO）于2011年6月部署，并支持Aloha站的创新科学研究。 ACO为海洋科学界提供了必不可少的基础设施，并在Aloha Station Aloha的持续科学方面获得了访问，这是一个代表全球海洋一小部分的贫营养（沙漠）地点。作为最深的运营有线电台，它可以实现从深渊到表面的新海洋科学的开发，测试和操作。阿罗哈（Aloha）是一种环境，从字面上和象征性地将海洋连接起来，以改善理解，以便我们可以在所有时间和空间尺度上对人类影响的生物地球化学和物理过程进行建模和预测。Alohacable -cableservatory（ACO）是对我们星球上最深入的运行式海洋观测值。 ACO位于4728 m的水深处，位于Aloha车站的海底，为新的，令人兴奋的，全球相关的科学与技术提供了基础设施和数据。天文台对夏威夷海洋时间赛（Hot）基于船舶的测量值和木孔/热（whots）表面系泊台的夏威夷海洋时间序列（Hot）的夏威夷海洋序列（Hot）的天文台进行了补充。这三个程序共同在开阔的海洋中提供了高分辨率的全水柱测量。这些数据以及许多相关过程研究的数据构成了以一个位置为中心的海洋国家的独特，多元的长期数据集。借助相对较高的功率（1200 W），数据带宽（100 MB/s）和精确的时间安排，基本的核心观察套件以及即将在线的新型远程操作的车辆（ROV），ACO可以自身支持新的和创新的科学研究，并以其自身的互补和其他站点和其他站点Aloha Science进行补充。科学问题包括：出口到上层深度，底田和沉积物多少碳？是什么控制着急诊区的营养注射事件，并将事件出口到更深的海洋中？整个水柱中混合的耦合生物学和物理细节以及混合的影响是什么？深渊海洋中的生物和物理能量是什么？红外力波浪模型的表现如何？海洋哺乳动物种群和行为如何随着时间而变化？可以使用被动声学来推断海洋温度吗？我们可以从底部压力中了解海啸和地震事件的知识？解决此类具有挑战性的问题将需要技术进步，例如分布式底部阵列和水柱分析系泊。该赠款支持科学界的持续ACO运营和维护。将修复，部署和维护核心仪器，包括基本的传感器封装（压力，荧光计和温度/盐度）。所有数据，包括实时视频和音频流，均可公开获得。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并且使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，被认为值得通过评估来获得支持。