The multidimensionality of forest carbon cycling and structure in response to disturbance

森林碳循环和结构对干扰的多维响应

• 批准号: 2219695
• 负责人: Christopher Gough
• 金额: $ 52.45万
• 依托单位: Virginia Commonwealth University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-12-01 至 2026-11-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2219695&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: multidimensionality; forest; carbon; cycling; structure

Forests provide food, fuel, timber, recreation and wildlife habitat, and store large amounts of carbon. However, the sustainability of these valuable goods and services is threatened by insects that defoliate and often kill trees. This project uses field experiments and computer models to investigate how forest growth and carbon uptake are affected by variable levels of tree mortality caused by wood boring insects. Specifically, the research studies whether initial changes in forest growth and carbon sequestration following disturbance can be used to predict longer-term responses at timescales meaningful to forest and land managers; what biological and physical characteristics enable forests to recover from disturbance; and what information needs to be included in computer models to predict how forests will respond to insect pests. The project engages a diverse team of undergraduate, post-baccalaureate, and graduate students, providing training that is applicable to careers in forest and conservation management, environmental science and policy, data management, and computer coding and model simulation. The project also produces freely available educational resources for upper-level college instructors, professional ecologists, land managers, and commercial foresters. Moreover, project data and the field experiment itself- located at a field station in Michigan- serve as openly shared resources for onsite education and research training for hundreds of students, researchers, educators, and community members annually. This project uses the Forest Resilience Threshold Experiment (FoRTE), which was established in 2018 at the University of Michigan Biological Station to examine how and why forest carbon cycling processes will respond to a range of disturbance severities caused by insect pests and pathogens. The replicated, 8-hectare experiment includes zero (control), 45%, 65%, and 85 % levels of gross defoliation and incorporates two disturbance types. Leveraging FoRTE’s expansive axes of disturbance severity, site productivity, and vegetation composition, the project uses observations to ask: (1) Do trade-offs exist between dimensions of carbon cycling stability, (2) To what extent are forest composition, structure, and net primary production linked during disturbance response, and (3) What degree of model complexity is required to simulate observed carbon cycling stability across the full disturbance-response cycle? This study experimentally and computationally simulates the carbon cycling consequences of newly emerging disturbance patterns. The experiment adopts a novel stability theoretical framework, previously applied almost exclusively to populations and communities, to assess carbon cycling responses to disturbance severity and type.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

森林提供食物、燃料、木材、娱乐和野生动物栖息地，并储存大量的碳，然而，这些有价值的商品和服务的可持续性受到导致树木落叶和经常死亡的昆虫的威胁。调查森林生长和碳吸收如何受到蛀木昆虫引起的不同树木死亡率的影响。具体来说，该研究研究了干扰后森林生长和碳固存的初始变化是否可用于预测对时间尺度有意义的长期反应。森林和土地管理者；什么是生物和物理特征使森林能够从干扰中恢复；以及计算机模型中需要包含哪些信息来预测森林将如何应对害虫。该项目吸引了由本科生、学士后和研究生组成的多元化团队，提供以下培训：适用于森林和保护管理、环境科学和政策、数据管理以及计算机编码和模型模拟等领域的职业。该项目还为高级大学教师、专业生态学家、土地管理者和商业林务员提供免费的教育资源。此外，项目数据和现场实验该项目位于密歇根州的一个实地考察站，每年为数百名学生、研究人员、教育工作者和社区成员提供现场教育和研究培训的公开共享资源。 2018 年，密歇根大学生物站开展了一项占地 8 公顷的重复实验，旨在研究森林碳循环过程如何以及为何对害虫和病原体引起的一系列干扰严重程度作出反应。该项目利用 FoRTE 的干扰严重程度、场地生产力和植被组成的扩展轴，以 45%、65% 和 85% 的总落叶水平为基础，提出以下问题：(1) 之间是否存在权衡。碳循环稳定性的维度，(2) 森林组成、结构和净初级生产力在扰动响应过程中的联系程度如何，以及 (3) 需要何种程度的模型复杂性来模拟整个森林中观察到的碳循环稳定性。这项研究通过实验和计算模拟了新出现的干扰模式的碳循环后果。该实验采用了一种新颖的稳定性理论框架，该框架以前几乎专门应用于人群和社区，以评估碳循环对干扰严重程度和类型的响应。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。