Collaborative Research: Convective Upscale Growth Processes during RELAMPAGO

合作研究：RELAMPAGO 期间的对流高档增长过程

• 批准号: 2146709
• 负责人: Kristen Rasmussen
• 金额: $ 45.95万
• 依托单位: Colorado State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2146709&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Convective; Upscale; Growth

Storms spanning hundreds of kilometers and lasting for hours into days have an important role in our global water cycle. In subtropical South America east of the Andes, 95% of rainfall during the warmer months are attributed to these large systems, which also can produce flash floods, devastating hail, and frequent lightning. In late 2018 into early 2019, an international team of scientists conducted the Remote sensing of Electrification, Lightning, and Mesoscale/microscale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations (RELAMPAGO) field campaign near the Sierras de Cordoba mountains in central Argentina to study these frequent, impactful storms with observations at higher temporal and spatial resolution. Initial results from this campaign have provided valuable insight into conditions supporting the initiation and rapid growth of these storms, yet many questions remain regarding the specific evolution of the storms and the hazardous weather they produce. Therefore, this project builds off the initial RELAMPAGO findings to further understand the processes occurring within storms as they rapidly grow large and how the conditions that support these processes compare with those in other mountainous regions of the world that experience similarly hazardous conditions. This research also permits continued education and outreach opportunities through training of graduate students, international collaborations, and representation through a diverse team. Prediction of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) is challenged in part by limitations in understanding and representation of the convective lifecycle. A region in central Argentina near the Sierras de Córdoba mountain range is a global hotspot for deep and intense severe convection that also grows rapidly upscale to MCSs producing flooding, hail, and frequent lightning. This area was a focal point for RELAMPAGO field campaign, for which initial results from the datasets supported previous satellite-based inferences of convective lifecycle and contributed new findings related to the role of mid-level vertical wind shear, the South American Low-Level Jet, and terrain interactions in the upscale growth process. This research builds off those results to address the following overarching science questions: 1) How do microphysics and kinematics within convective systems evolve as they grow upscale? 2) Which synoptic and mesoscale factors support rapid upscale growth of convection and how does terrain modify those factors? A combination of RELAMPAGO data analysis, high-resolution model simulations, and reanalysis data provides the means to address these questions and gain a better understanding of convective upscale growth to MCSs, the environmental controls on these upscale growth processes, and the production of high lightning flash rates and hail during upscale growth.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

绵延数百公里、持续数小时至数天的风暴在安第斯山脉以东的南美洲亚热带地区发挥着重要作用，温暖月份中 95% 的降雨都归因于这些大型系统，它们也会产生骤雨。 2018 年底至 2019 年初，一个国际科学家小组利用自适应地面观测对电气化、闪电和中尺度/微尺度过程进行了遥感。 (RELAMPAGO) 在阿根廷中部科尔多瓦山脉附近开展了实地活动，以更高的时间和空间分辨率进行观测，研究这些频繁、有影响力的风暴，该活动的初步结果为支持这些风暴的发生和快速增长的条件提供了宝贵的见解。然而，关于风暴的具体演变及其产生的危险天气仍然存在许多问题，因此，该项目以 RELAMPAGO 的初步发现为基础，进一步了解风暴迅速变大时发生的过程以及支持这些过程的条件。该研究还通过研究生培训、国际合作和多样化团队的代表来提供继续教育和推广机会。阿根廷中部科尔多瓦山脉附近的一个地区是全球深层强对流热点地区，该地区也迅速发展成为 MCS 的高级地区。该地区是 RELAMPAGO 现场活动的焦点，数据集的初步结果支持了之前基于卫星的对流生命周期的推论，并提供了与中层垂直风的作用相关的新发现。这项研究以这些结果为基础，解决了以下首要的科学问题：1）对流系统中的微观物理和运动学如何发挥作用。 2) 哪些天气和中尺度因素支持对流的快速升级？地形如何改变这些因素？RELAMPAGO 数据分析、高分辨率模型模拟和再分析数据的结合提供了解决这些问题的方法。并更好地了解 MCS 的对流高档增长、这些高档增长过程的环境控制以及高档增长期间高闪电率和冰雹的产生。该奖项授予 NSF 的法定使命和通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，该项目被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Tornadoes in Southeast South America: Mesoscale to Planetary-Scale Environments

南美洲东南部的龙卷风：中尺度到行星尺度的环境

• DOI: 10.1175/mwr-d-22-0248.1
• 发表时间: 2024-01
• 期刊: Monthly Weather Review
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Veloso;Rasmussen, Kristen L.;Maloney, Eric D.
• 通讯作者: Maloney, Eric D.

Lightning Characteristics Associated With Storm Modes Observed During RELAMPAGO

RELAMPAGO 期间观测到的与风暴模式相关的闪电特征

• DOI: 10.1029/2023jd039520
• 发表时间: 2024-02
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: Rocque, Marquette N.;Deierling, Wiebke;Rasmussen, Kristen L.;Albrecht, Rachel I.;Medina, Bruno L.
• 通讯作者: Medina, Bruno L.

The Impact of Topography on the Environment and Life Cycle of Weakly and Strongly Forced MCSs during RELAMPAGO

RELAMPAGO 期间地形对弱和强受力 MCS 的环境和生命周期的影响

• DOI: 10.1175/mwr-d-22-0049.1
• 发表时间: 2022-09
• 期刊: Monthly Weather Review
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Rocque, Marquette N.;Rasmussen, Kristen L.
• 通讯作者: Rasmussen, Kristen L.