Collaborative Research: RESEARCH-PGR: Comparative genomics of the capitulum: deciphering the molecular basis of a key floral innovation

合作研究：RESEARCH-PGR：头状花序的比较基因组学：破译关键花卉创新的分子基础

• 批准号: 2214472
• 负责人: Jennifer Mandel
• 金额: $ 81.15万
• 依托单位: University of Memphis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-11-01 至 2026-10-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2214472&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; RESEARCH; PGR; Comparative

Sunflowers, daisies, and their relatives belong to a family of plants that make up ca. 10% of flowering plant biodiversity and include numerous species of horticultural, medicinal, and industrial value. This group of flowering plants also contains economically important food crops including artichoke, lettuce, safflower, and sunflower. It is considered one of the most successful plant families due to its large size and global distribution. Key to the success of the family is its inflorescence (a capitulum or flower head) which resembles a single, large flower but is actually an aggregate of many small flowers. This unique floral structure plays an important role in pollinator attraction and is a major determinant of yield in many of the family’s crop species. Despite the importance of the capitulum, little is known about the genes involved in its development. Understanding how inflorescences develop has the potential to improve food security through optimization of floral structures for yield in crops, and by accelerating progress toward new crop development. This project will increase available genomic resources for the family and result in the development of novel tools for gene editing in the family. This work will shed light on the genes involved in the development of the capitulum inflorescence in an economically important family and provide valuable information that will facilitate efforts for optimizing inflorescence architecture in related crops. This project will provide educational opportunities for diverse students and researchers at multiple training levels, through directed efforts to recruit individuals from traditionally underrepresented groups. This project integrates comparative genomics, inflorescence developmental transcriptomics, molecular evolutionary analyses, and functional approaches to decipher the genomic basis of a key floral trait – the capitulum – in the sunflower family (Asteraceae) and related flowering plant lineages. This project will enable the testing of hypotheses related to the role of gene duplication and genome evolution in driving evolutionary novelty, the evolutionary forces involved in the origin of the capitulum, and the repeatability of the evolutionary process across plant lineages. The integrated approach will enable the testing of predictive hypotheses about inflorescence development in Asteraceae and related flowering plant lineages. The primary scientific goals are to: (1) decipher the molecular basis of the Asteraceae capitulum using comparative transcriptomic approaches; (2) determine whether the independent origins of capitula arose via common evolutionary processes and genomic mechanisms; and (3) analyze the functional role of key capitulum genes, targeting established stem cell regulatory genes and candidates identified through comparative/evolutionary genomic analyses. This project will generate high-quality genomes and curated inflorescence transcriptomes for multiple species complemented by comparative genomic and evolutionary analyses. These resources and the resulting data will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and public presentations and will be made freely available via deposition in public repositories and databases including the National Center for Biotechnology Information Sequence Read Archive (NCBI-SRA; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra), Phytozome (https://phytozome-next.jgi.doe.gov/), the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO; http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo), FigShare (https://figshare.com/), and Dryad (https://dryad.org/).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

向日葵、雏菊及其近缘植物构成了约 10% 的开花植物生物多样性，包括许多具有园艺、药用和工业价值的物种，这组开花植物还包含朝鲜蓟等经济上重要的粮食作物。 、生菜、红花和向日葵，由于其巨大的尺寸和全球分布，它被认为是最成功的植物科之一，该科成功的关键是其花序（头状花序）。尽管很重要，但这种独特的花结构在吸引授粉媒介方面发挥着重要作用，并且是许多作物品种产量的主要决定因素。对于头状花序发育过程中涉及的基因知之甚少，了解花序如何发育有可能通过优化作物产量的花结构来改善粮食安全，并加速新作物的开发进程。家庭的基因组资源和这项工作将揭示一个经济上重要的科中参与头状花序发育的基因，并提供有价值的信息，以促进优化相关作物的花序结构。该项目将为不同的学生和研究人员提供多个培训级别的教育机会，通过直接努力从传统上整合的群体中招募个人，该项目将进行比较基因组学、花序发育转录组学、分子进化分析和破译基因组的功能方法。向日葵科（菊科）和相关开花植物谱系的关键花卉性状（头状花序）的基础该项目将能够测试与基因复制和基因组进化在驱动进化新颖性以及所涉及的进化力量中的作用相关的假设。头状花序的起源以及跨植物谱系的进化过程的可重复性将能够测试有关菊科和相关开花植物谱系的花序发育的预测假设。 (1) 使用比较转录组学方法破译菊科头状花序的分子基础；(2) 确定头状花序的独立起源是否通过共同的进化过程和基因组机制产生；(3) 分析关键头状花序基因的功能作用，确定目标通过比较/进化基因组分析确定的干细胞调控基因和候选基因，该项目将为多个物种生成高质量的基因组和精心设计的花序转录组，并通过比较基因组和进化分析来补充这些资源和结果数据。通过同行评审的出版物和公开演讲传播，并将通过公共存储库和数据库免费提供，包括国家生物技术信息序列读取档案中心（NCBI-SRA；https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov） /sra)、Phytozome (https://phytozome-next.jgi.doe.gov/)、基因表达综合库 (GEO； http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo)、FigShare (https://figshare.com/) 和 Dryad (https://dryad.org/)。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并被视为值得通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

项目成果

Compositae in a Crate: an outreach initiative to promote plant awareness

板条箱中的菊科植物：一项旨在提高植物意识的外展活动

• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Inc.
• 作者: Moore-Pollard, Erika R;Siniscalchi, Carolina;Parsley, Kathryn;Sabel, Jaime;Mandel, Jennifer R.
• 通讯作者: Mandel, Jennifer R.