Using sedaDNA from California Holocene and Anthropocene lake sediments to determine drivers of the “Insect Apocalypse”

使用加州全新世和人类世湖泊沉积物中的 sedaDNA 来确定“昆虫启示录”的驱动因素

• 批准号: 2209394
• 负责人: Elizabeth Hadly
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2209394&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Using; sedaDNA; California; Holocene; Anthropocene

Insects represent more than half of described species on earth and play critical roles in ecological processes, ecosystem function, and human well-being. Insect declines have been widely documented and causes of these declines are attributed to human impacts including climate change, habitat loss and degradation, agricultural intensification including pesticides, and introduction of non-native species. However, we do not yet understand the relative importance and synergies of each of these factors. Although we have detailed records of recent changes in insect diversity and abundance in some regions of the globe, longer-term records (50 years) are rare. These long-term records are important for understanding when large scale insect declines began, how far it has progressed, and whether recent variations in insect populations are within the range of normal changes. Our understanding of this biodiversity crisis is also limited because previous work has mainly focused on certain groups of insects, like pollinators and butterflies, and we have little or no knowledge of whether or how other groups have been impacted. This research will analyze insect DNA from lake sediment cores in California to reconstruct a 1,200-year record of insect diversity change. By using DNA analysis, the researchers will be able to study insect species which have not previously received much research attention. The project will also assemble data on land use change, climate change, and pesticide applications, to link these human impacts with insect diversity through time. This research advances biodiversity conservation by improving our baseline understanding of insect declines, and distinguishing natural changes in insect diversity from those caused by human impacts over the last century. This project will contribute to the development of new research techniques and biodiversity monitoring technology. This project will utilize sediment cores collected from a marsh and hydrologically connected reservoir at Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve (JRBP) in the San Francisco Bay Area (California, USA). Together these cores span a period of increasing local and global human impacts. The researchers will employ both traditional palaeoecological tools as well as emerging sedimentary DNA (sedaDNA) techniques. To characterize insect diversity through time, the researchers will analyze sedaDNA from the sediment cores using metabarcoding and high-throughput sequencing. To develop high-resolution records of insect diversity change, the researchers will use geochemical and microfossil analyses, sedaDNA, and historical records. This multi-proxy, high-resolution data set will then be statistically queried using several multivariate modeling approaches.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

昆虫代表地球上描述的物种的一半以上，并在生态过程，生态系统功能和人类福祉中起关键作用。昆虫的下降已被广泛记载，这些下降的原因归因于人类影响，包括气候变化，栖息地丧失和降解，农业强化，包括农药，以及引入非本地物种。但是，我们尚不了解这些因素中每个因素的相对重要性和协同作用。尽管我们对全球某些地区的昆虫多样性和丰度变化的最新变化有详细的记录，但长期记录（50年）很少。这些长期记录对于理解大规模昆虫何时开始下降，进步的进展以及昆虫种群最近的变化是否在正常变化范围内是否很重要。我们对这一生物多样性危机的理解也受到限制，因为以前的工作主要集中在某些昆虫（例如传粉媒介和蝴蝶）上，而且我们几乎不知道是否受到其他群体的影响。这项研究将分析加利福尼亚州湖泊沉积物核心的昆虫DNA，以重建1,200年的昆虫多样性变化记录。通过使用DNA分析，研究人员将能够研究以前没有得到太多研究关注的昆虫物种。该项目还将组装有关土地使用变化，气候变化和农药应用的数据，以随着时间的流逝将这些人类影响与昆虫多样性联系起来。这项研究通过改善我们对昆虫下降的基线理解，并区分昆虫多样性的自然变化与上世纪的人类影响所致的自然变化来促进生物多样性的保护。该项目将有助于开发新的研究技术和生物多样性监测技术。该项目将利用从旧金山湾地区（美国加利福尼亚州）的Jasper Ridge生物保护区（JRBP）收集的沉积物核心。这些核心共同涵盖了一段时间增加本地和全球人类影响的时期。研究人员将使用传统的古生态工具以及新兴的沉积DNA（Sedadna）技术。为了表征随着时间的推移昆虫的多样性，研究人员将使用元法编码和高通量测序分析沉积物核心的Sedadna。为了制定昆虫多样性变化的高分辨率记录，研究人员将使用地球化学和微化石分析，Sedadna和历史记录。然后，这种多种高分辨率数据集将在统计上使用多种多元建模方法进行统计查询。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的智力优点和更广泛影响的评估审查标准来通过评估来获得支持的。