Window on the Universe: Equation of State of Asymmetric Nuclear Matter

宇宙之窗：不对称核物质的状态方程

• 批准号: 2209145
• 负责人: William Lynch
• 金额: $ 135万
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2209145&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Window; Universe; Equation; State; Asymmetric

Windows on the Universe: Equation of state of Asymmetric Nuclear Matter The spectacular GW170817 gravitational wave (GW) observations of a Neutron Star (NS) merger by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration were accompanied by the detection of gamma-rays, optical and radio signals. These coordinated observations were the fruit of cutting-edge scientific investments by the U.S. These investments usher in a new era of synchronous multi-messenger astrophysics, and provide definitive links between NS mergers, kilonovae and gamma-ray bursts, and between NS mergers and the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements. The proposed research plan broadens these multi-messenger studies to include relevant messages from experimental constraints on the forces within neutron-rich matter that support the NS. It addresses questions of the 2015 Long Range Plan for Nuclear Science concerning the nature of neutron stars and dilute and dense nuclear matter by focusing on properties of nuclear forces that depend on neutron-to-proton imbalance. Michigan State University and FRIB sponsor research for under-represented physics students, which will help to attract a diverse group of talented undergraduate students, graduate students and postdocs to this project. These young scientists will learn about detector design and construction, complex multi-parameter data analyses, detector simulations and theoretical modeling, machine learning and Bayesian inference analyses. This training prepares them for leadership roles in the future work force both in nuclear science but also in other key areas important for technological advancement and national security. Both the GW170817 gravitational wave observations and recent messages on Neutron Star (NS) radii from the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) constrain the relationship between the total pressure and the matter density within NS. Neither astronomical observation isolates the symmetry energy, however. The symmetry energy is a term in the Equation of State (EoS) that arises from the imbalance in the numbers of neutrons and protons in the matter. It plays a dominant role regarding the stability of a NS. The symmetry energy governs the relative numbers of neutrons and protons, and the density and pressure where the liquid NS core ends and solid crust begins. The symmetry energy also governs whether anti matter or strange matter exist within neutron stars. The group will study the symmetry energy via experimental studies and isolate its role by varying the relative numbers of neutrons and protons and also the density of the system from ¼ to twice normal nuclear matter density. They will perform experiments at RIKEN in Japan, using cutting edge instrumentation and a collaborative effort between theory and experiment to connect the findings to emerging results from multi-messenger astronomy. By combining these new measurements of the symmetry energy with existing experimental constraints on the EoS of symmetric matter which contains equal numbers of neutrons and protons, they will also obtain the EoS of pure neutron matter which is also of fundamental interest. While the focus of the student training is on scientific and technological advancement, they will also engage young scientists in outreach activities to make this science more accessible to non-scientists. They have created websites using virtual reality apps to illustrate nuclear collisions, the detection of cosmic rays and the working principles of our time projection chamber. By such efforts, they will endeavor to make the science more appealing and exciting to the general public.This project advances the objectives of "Windows on the Universe: the Era of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics", one of the 10 Big Ideas for Future NSF Investments.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

宇宙上的窗口：非对称核物质状态的方程式壮观的GW170817引力波（GW）观察Ligo-Virgo协作对中子星（NS）合并的观察结果是通过检测到伽马射线，光学和无线电信号来实现的。这些共同的观察结果是美国的最先进科学投资的果实，这些投资在同步的多通信天体物理学的新时代，并在NS合并，Kilonovae和Gamma-ray烧伤之间以及NS合并与NS Mergers与重型时期的核渗透量之间提供了明确的联系。拟议的研究计划扩大了这些多理智的研究，以包括有关支持NS的中子富裕物质的实验限制的相关信息。它通过专注于依赖于中子到普罗顿的不平衡的核力量的特性来解决有关中子恒星的性质以及稀释和密集的核问题的2015年核科学远程计划的问题。密歇根州立大学和FRIB赞助商研究不足的物理学生研究，这将有助于吸引一群有才华的本科生，研究生和博士后的潜水者。这些年轻的科学家将了解探测器设计和构建，复杂的多参数数据分析，探测器模拟和理论建模，机器学习和贝叶斯推理分析。这项培训使他们为未来在核科学的未来劳动力中的领导作用做好了准备，在核科学方面，对技术进步和国家安全至关重要的其他关键领域也为他们做好了准备。来自中子星的内部组成探索器（NICE）的GW170817引力波观测和最新信息中的中子星（NS）半径限制了NS内总压力与物质密度之间的关系。但是，两种天文观测都不能隔离对称能量。对称能量是状态方程（EO）的一个术语，它是由于中子和质子数量的不平衡引起的。它在NS的稳定性方面起着主导作用。对称能量控制中子和质子的相对数量，以及液体NS核末端和固体外壳的密度和压力开始。能量还控制中子星中是否存在反物质或奇怪物质。该小组将通过实验研究研究对称能量，并通过改变中子和质子的相对数量以及系统的密度从¼到正常核物质密度的两倍来隔离其作用。他们将使用尖端仪器和理论与实验之间的协作努力在日本的瑞肯（Riken）进行实验，以将发现与来自多人天文学的新兴结果联系起来。通过将对称能量的这些新测量与对对称物质的EOS进行的现有实验约束相结合，其中包含相等数量的中子和质子，它们还将获得纯中子物质的EOS，这也具有基本的兴趣。尽管学生培训的重点是科学和技术进步，但他们还将吸引年轻的科学家参加外展活动，以使非科学家更容易获得这项科学。他们使用虚拟现实应用程序创建了网站，以说明核冲突，宇宙射线的检测以及我们时间投影室的工作原理。 By such efforts, they will endeavor to make the science more appealing and exciting to the general public.This project advances the objectives of "Windows on the Universe: the Era of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics", one of the 10 Big Ideas for Future NSF Investments.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed honestly of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

项目成果

Isoscaling in central Sn+Sn collisions at 270 MeV/u

• DOI: 10.1140/epja/s10050-022-00851-2
• 发表时间: 2022-10
• 期刊: The European Physical Journal A
• 作者: J. Lee;M. Tsang;C. Tsang;R. Wang;J. Barney;J. Estee;T. Isobe;M. Kaneko;M. Kurata-Nishimura;W. G. Lynch;T. Murakami;A. Ono;S. Souza;D. Ahn;L. Atar;T. Aumann;H. Baba;K. Boretzky;J. Brzychczyk;G. Cerizza;N. Chiga;N. Fukuda;I. Gašparić;B. Hong;A. Horvat;K. Ieki;N. Ikeno;N. Inabe;G. Jhang;Y. Kim;T. Kobayashi;Y. Kondo;P. Lasko;H. Lee;Y. Leifels;J. Lukasik;J. Manfredi;A. McIntosh;P. Morfouace;T. Nakamura;N. Nakatsuka;S. Nishimura;H. Otsu;P. Pawlowski;K. Pelczar;D. Rossi;H. Sakurai;C. Santamaria;H. Sato;H. Scheit;R. Shane;Y. Shimizu;H. Simon;A. Snoch;A. Sochocka;T. Sumikama;H. Suzuki;D. Suzuki;H. Takeda;S. Tangwancharoen;Y. Togano;Z. Xiao;S. Yennello;Y. Collaboration;D. Physics;Korea University;Seoul.;R. Korea.;Facility for Rare Isotope Beams;M. University;E. Lansing.;Michigan.;Usa;Astronomy;Riken Nishina Center;Wako;Saitama;Japan.;Kyoto University;T. University;Sendai;I. D. F'isica;U. F. R. D. Janeiro;Centro Interuniversitario de Historia das Ciencias e da Tecnologia-Centro-Interuniversitario-de-Historia-das-Ciencias-72426587;A. Bloco;R. Janeiro;Brazil;Departamento de Engenharia Nuclear;Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Ufmg;Av. Antônio Carlos;M. Gerais;I. F. Kernphysik;Technische Universitat Darmstadt;Darmstadt;Germany;G. H. F. Schwerionenforschung;F. O. Physics;A. Science;J. University;Krak'ow;Poland;D. Physics;Rudjer Boskovic Institute;Zagreb;Croatia.;R. University;Tokyo;Department of Life;E. Sciences;Tottori University;Rare Isotope Science Project;Institute for Computational Science;Daejeon;Tokyo Institute of Technology;Institute of Nuclear Physics Pan;C. Institute;Texas A M University;College Station;Texas;Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics;Amsterdam;Netherlands.;Tsinghua University;Beijing;P. China;D. Chemistry

Determination of energy-dependent neutron backgrounds using shadow bars

• DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2023.168341
• 发表时间: 2022-12
• 期刊: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
• 作者: S. Paneru;K. Brown;F. Teh;K. Zhu;M. Tsang;D. DellAquila;Z. Chajecki;W. G. Lynch;S. Sweany;C. Tsang;A. Anthony;J. Barney;J. Estee;I. Gašparić;G. Jhang;O. Khanal;J. Manfredi;C. Niu;R.S. Wang;J. Zamora

Constraints from isoscaling on the source size in energetic heavy ion collisions

高能重离子碰撞中等尺度对源尺寸的约束

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.106.034606
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Physical Review C
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Souza, S. R.;Donangelo, R.;Lynch, W. G.;Tsang, M. B.
• 通讯作者: Tsang, M. B.