Uncovering the Hidden Ice Reservoir During Planet Formation

发现行星形成过程中隐藏的冰库

• 批准号: 2205698
• 负责人: Lauren Cleeves
• 金额: $ 40.65万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2205698&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Uncovering; Hidden; Ice; Reservoir; During

Water ice plays a key role in the formation of planetary disks and planets. Protoplanetary disk ices facilitate the growth of dust grains and planetesimals. Understanding the physical and chemical processes that drive ice chemistry is essential, because it is believed that icy planetesimals delivered bio-critical volatiles to the early Earth. Upcoming ground- and space-based observatories will probe ice in planetary disks, but interpreting ice observations will be challenging. This research team will model ice reservoirso, which will shed light on the detectability of ice features in disks under various conditions. These models will be invaluable for interpreting upcoming observations of disks' chemical abundances, physical state, evolutionary trajectory, and propensity for habitable planet formation. The team will conduct outreach to three different targeted age groups: middle schoolers, undergraduates, and the general public. They will collaborate on developing new programs with the Universty of Virginia's “Girls Exploring the Universe” summer program for middle school girls where the principal investigator serves as co-director. The team will also support the training of undergraduates. In partnership with local outreach organizations including Charlottesville's Astronomy on Tap, they will also engage the public on the topic of habitable planet formation and the important role played by ices. The team will create detailed time-dependent gas-grain chemical models to simulate the distribution and evolution of ices in planetary disks, followed by radiative transfer models to simulate observations of ice spectral signatures. The proposed work will provide the necessary theoretical underpinning to understand disk ice by: 1) Incorporating grain growth and material transport processes into the chemical evolution modeling; 2) Adding simulations of ice feature polarization to the radiative transfer modeling; 3) Conducting a sensitivity analysis of ices in various regions of the disk to better interpret which ice reservoirs are observable; 4) Exploring a parameter space of stellar, dust, and disk properties (including radial substructure) to predict their effects on disk ices; and 5) Studying the effect of a disk’s external environment (UV and cosmic ray fields) on observable ices. Thus, this investigation will explore the diversity of observable (and unobservable) disk icy reservoirs and their connection to the diversity of planet formation processes and outcomes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

水冰在行星盘和行星的形成中起着关键作用，原行星盘冰促进尘埃颗粒和星子的生长，了解驱动冰化学的物理和化学过程至关重要，因为人们相信冰冷的星子传递了生物。即将到来的地面和太空观测站将探测行星盘中的冰，但解释冰观测结果将具有挑战性，该研究小组将模拟即将脱落的冰库。这些模型对于解释即将进行的对圆盘化学丰度、物理状态、演化轨迹和宜居行星形成倾向的观测至关重要。他们将与弗吉尼亚大学针对中学生的“女孩探索宇宙”夏季项目合作开发新项目，该项目的首席研究员将担任联合主任。他们还与当地组织（包括夏洛茨维尔的 Tap 上的天文学推广活动）合作，支持本科生的培训，让公众了解宜居行星的形成以及冰所发挥的重要作用。该团队将创建详细的随时间变化的气体。颗粒化学模型来模拟行星盘中冰的分布和演化，然后是辐射传输模型来模拟冰光谱特征的观测。所提出的工作将为理解盘冰提供必要的理论基础：1）纳入。将晶粒生长和物质传输过程纳入化学演化模型；2) 在辐射传输模型中添加冰特征偏振模拟；3) 对圆盘各个区域的冰进行敏感性分析，以更好地解释哪些冰库是可观测的； ) 探索恒星、尘埃和盘特性（包括径向子结构）的参数空间，以预测它们对盘冰的影响；以及 5) 研究盘外部环境（紫外线和宇宙射线）的影响；因此，这项调查将探索可观测（和不可观测）圆盘冰库的多样性及其与行星形成过程和结果多样性的联系。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并被认为值得通过以下方式获得支持：使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估。