DarkSide

暗面

• 批准号: 2131857
• 负责人: Cristiano Galbiati
• 金额: $ 1170.98万
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Cooperative Agreement
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2131857&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DarkSide

Astronomical observations have provided strong evidence that the known matter accounts for only a small fraction of the observed total mass-energy of the Universe. A leading dark matter candidate is the so-called weakly interacting massive particle, or WIMP, a predicted relic particle of the Big Bang. Direct (non-gravitational) detection of dark matter would be a transformational discovery of fundamental importance broadly to the sciences, opening new investigations of the dark universe. Such first measurements of dark matter may be possible via WIMP-nucleus collisions detectable at low-background, low-energy threshold detectors capable of distinguishing a small number of nuclear recoils from WIMP collisions over a long exposure period. Liquid argon has been identified to have unique light emission properties that provide excellent sensitivity for such WIMP collisions while providing strong background suppression. This award provides support for the fabrication of a next-generation WIMP dark matter experiment, DarkSide-20k. The DarkSide international collaboration has pioneered the use of liquid argon with high radiopurity to search for rare WIMP interactions. The DarkSide-20k detector, with a designed fiducial exposure volume of approximately 20kT of low-background liquid argon, will operate in the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso deep underground lab. The US NSF DarkSide team is supported via this award to build the central dark matter detector liquid argon time-projection chamber, including the associated high-voltage delivery, cryogenic, purification and calibration systems. The awarded activities involve transferable technologies that include: the production of low-radioactivity underground argon for the experiment as well as for nuclear test ban verification and radiometric dating; studies of underground gas sources; development of low-background, large-area, single-photon cryogenic silicon photomultiplier photosensors; liquid argon-based time-of-flight positron emission tomography system for enhanced cancer screening, and; the world’s tallest cryogenic distillation tower to improve availability of stable rare isotopes for medical and energy applications. Also included are training and education opportunities, including a summer school experience in the Cortez-Durango region that will offer increased access to underrepresented groups in STEM.The US DarkSide program led the DarkSide-50 experimental program that demonstrated the viability of background-free searches in liquid argon. The DarkSide-20k experiment will extend the sensitivity of WIMP dark matter searches in the cross-section vs. mass range to 4.6e-48 cm-squared for the 90% confidence limit exclusion, and to 1.5e-47 cm-squared 5 sigma discovery significance for a 1 TeV/c-squared WIMP mass after a 500t-yr exposure. Unique US expertise in the construction of noble liquid detectors is leveraged to ensure the success of this next generation detector. The scale of project, and its resultant sensitivity, exceeds that of detectors currently operating, leading to discovery, confirmation, or exclusion of the WIMP dark matter hypothesis to the level where coherent scatters from atmospheric neutrinos become an irreducible background.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

天文观测提供了强有力的证据，表明已知物质仅占观测到的宇宙总质能的一小部分，主要的暗物质候选者是所谓的弱相互作用大质量粒子（WIMP），这是一种预测的遗迹粒子。对暗物质的直接（非引力）探测将是对科学具有广泛意义的革命性发现，通过可探测的 WIMP 核碰撞开启对暗物质的新研究。在低背景、低能量阈值探测器能够在长时间曝光期间区分少量核反冲和 WIMP 碰撞。液氩已被确定具有独特的发光特性，可为此类 WIMP 碰撞提供出色的灵敏度，同时提供强背景。该奖项为下一代 WIMP 暗物质实验 DarkSide-20k 的制造提供了支持，DarkSide 国际合作率先使用高放射性纯度的液态氩来寻找稀有物质。 WIMP 相互作用。DarkSide-20k 探测器的设计基准暴露量约为 20kT 低本底液氩，将在 INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso 地下深处实验室运行。美国 NSF DarkSide 团队通过该奖项获得支持。建造中央暗物质探测器液氩时间投影室，包括相关的高压传输、低温、纯化和校准系统。获奖活动涉及可转让技术。包括：用于实验以及核试验验证和放射性测年的低放射性地下氩气的生产；低本底、大面积、单光子低温硅光电倍增液体传感器的开发；用于增强癌症筛查的基于氩的飞行时间正电子发射断层扫描系统；以及世界上最高的低温蒸馏塔，以提高医疗和能源应用中稳定稀有同位素的可用性。是培训和教育机会，包括在 Cortez-Durango 地区的暑期学校体验，这将为 STEM 中代表性不足的群体提供更多机会。美国 DarkSide 项目主导了 DarkSide-50 实验项目，该项目展示了液体中无背景搜索的可行性DarkSide-20k 实验将把 WIMP 暗物质搜索的横截面与质量范围的灵敏度扩展至 4.6e-48 cm2，实现 90% 置信限。排除，以及在 500 吨年暴露后对 1 TeV/c 平方 WIMP 质量的 1.5e-47 cm 平方 5 sigma 发现意义，利用美国在稀有液体探测器构造方面的独特专业知识来确保这一成功。下一代探测器的规模及其由此产生的灵敏度超过了当前运行的探测器，从而发现、证实或排除了 WIMP 暗物质假说，达到相干散射的水平。大气中微子的影响成为不可还原的背景。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Measurement of isotopic separation of argon with the prototype of the cryogenic distillation plant Aria for dark matter searches

使用用于暗物质搜索的低温蒸馏装置 Aria 原型测量氩的同位素分离

• DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11430-0
• 发表时间: 2023-05
• 期刊: The European Physical Journal C
• 作者: Aaron, E.;Agnes, P.;Ahmad, I.;Albergo, S.;Albuquerque, I. F.;Alexander, T.;Alton, A. K.;Amaudruz, P.;Atzori Corona, M.;Ave, M.;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

Sensitivity of future liquid argon dark matter search experiments to core-collapse supernova neutrinos

未来液氩暗物质搜索实验对核心塌陷超新星中微子的敏感性

• DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2021/03/043
• 发表时间: 2021-03
• 期刊: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: Agnes, P.;Albergo, S.;Albuquerque, I.F.M.;Alexander, T.;Alici, A.;Alton, A.K.;Amaudruz, P.;Arcelli, S.;Ave, M.;Avetissov, I.Ch.;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

Search for low mass dark matter in DarkSide-50: the bayesian network approach

在 DarkSide-50 中搜索低质量暗物质：贝叶斯网络方法

• DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11410-4
• 发表时间: 2023-04
• 期刊: The European Physical Journal C
• 作者: Agnes, P.;Albuquerque, I. F. M.;Alexander, T.;Alton, A. K.;Ave, M.;Back, H. O.;Batignani, G.;Biery, K.;Bocci, V.;Bonivento, W. M.;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

Search for Dark-Matter–Nucleon Interactions via Migdal Effect with DarkSide-50

通过 Migdal 效应与 DarkSide-50 搜索暗物质 - 核子相互作用

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.101001
• 发表时间: 2023-03
• 期刊: Physical Review Letters
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: Agnes, P.;Albuquerque, I. F. M.;Alexander, T.;Alton, A. K.;Ave, M.;Back, H. O.;Batignani, G.;Biery, K.;Bocci, V.;Bonivento, W. M.;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

Design and construction of a new detector to measure ultra-low radioactive-isotope contamination of argon

设计和建造新型探测器来测量氩的超低放射性同位素污染

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/15/02/p02024
• 发表时间: 2020-02
• 期刊: Journal of Instrumentation
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: Aalseth, C.E.;Abdelhakim, S.;Acerbi, F.;Agnes, P.;Ajaj, R.;Albuquerque, I.F.M.;Alexander, T.;Alici, A.;Alton, A.K.;Amaudruz, P.;et al
• 通讯作者: et al