Computational and developmental investigations of children’s self-representations and learning decisions

儿童自我表征和学习决策的计算和发展研究

• 批准号: 2204106
• 负责人: Mika Asaba
• 金额: $ 13.8万
• 依托单位: Asaba, Mika
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-06-01 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2204106&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Computational; developmental; investigations; children; self

This award was provided as part of NSF's Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE) Postdoctoral Research Fellowships (SPRF) program. The goal of the SPRF program is to prepare promising, early career doctoral-level scientists for scientific careers in academia, industry or private sector, and government. SPRF awards involve two years of training under the sponsorship of established scientists and encourage Postdoctoral Fellows to perform independent research. NSF seeks to promote the participation of scientists from all segments of the scientific community, including those from underrepresented groups, in its research programs and activities; the postdoctoral period is considered to be an important level of professional development in attaining this goal. Each Postdoctoral Fellow must address important scientific questions that advance their respective disciplinary fields. Under the sponsorship of Drs. Julian Jara-Ettinger and Julia Leonard at Yale University, this postdoctoral fellowship award supports an early career scientist studying the development of children’s self-representations. Children’s understanding of the self––what they like, what they know, what they are good at––has a deep influence on their learning and achievement. However, we lack a clear understanding of how exactly children develop views of the self, how these views are affected by their social interactions, and how they impact important real-world behaviors, such as children’s learning decisions. This research will advance fundamental scientific knowledge on children’s self-representations by developing a formal, quantitative theory of how children revise self-representations in social contexts, and how these self-representations impact their learning.The studies will combine computational and developmental approaches to test the hypothesis that children rationally construct and revise self-representations by integrating their prior experiences with social interactions. First, we will build a computational model that combines self-observations (e.g., failures and successes) with social feedback (e.g., what others think of the self) to explain learning about the self in social contexts. This model will be exhaustively tested and refined through studies with adults and compared against published developmental findings on relevant work. Second, we will use our model and alternative lesioned models to generate and test quantitative predictions for the developmental trajectory of children’s (3- to 6-year-olds) reasoning about the self. These models will make different assumptions about children’s sensitivities to self-observations and social feedback and if and how they integrate these sources of information. Our developmental experiment will systematically vary children’s performance on toys and a teacher’s beliefs about their competence, and test how these inform important learning behaviors: children’s persistence and challenge-seeking. By integrating state-of-the-art computational and developmental methods, this project will shed light on a deeply important learning problem for children: who they are, and what they can do.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项是NSF的社会，行为和经济科学（SBE）博士后研究奖学金（SPRF）计划的一部分。 SPRF计划的目标是为学术界，工业或私营部门以及政府的科学职业以及政府的科学职业准备前景，为前景做准备。 SPRF奖项涉及在既定科学家的赞助下进行两年的培训，并鼓励博士后研究员进行独立研究。 NSF试图促进科学界各个细分市场的科学家的参与，包括来自代表性不足的群体的研究计划和活动；博士后时期被认为是实现这一目标的重要水平。每个博士后研究员都必须解决重要的科学问题，以推进各自的学科领域。在博士的赞助下。耶鲁大学的朱利安·贾拉·埃廷格（Julian Jara-Ettinger）和朱莉娅·伦纳德（Julia Leonard），这项博士后奖学金奖支持一位早期的职业科学家，研究儿童自我代表的发展。孩子们对自我的理解 - 他们喜欢的东西，他们所知道的，擅长的东西 - 对他们的学习和成就产生了深远的影响。但是，我们对孩子的究竟如何发展自我的观点，这些观点如何受到社交互动的影响以及它们如何影响重要的现实世界行为，例如儿童的学习决策，以及它们如何影响他们如何影响他们的观点。这项研究将通过开发一个正式的定量理论来促进对儿童自我陈述的基本科学知识，即儿童如何修改社会环境中的自我陈述，以及这些自我陈述如何影响他们的学习。这些研究将结合计算方法和发展方法，以测试儿童通过合理地建立和修复社会互动的假设来测试他们的假设。首先，我们将建立一个计算模型，将自我观察（例如失败和成功）与社会反馈（例如，其他人对自我的看法）结合在一起，以解释在社会环境中学习对自我的学习。该模型将通过与成年人的研究进行详尽的测试和完善，并与已发表的开发人员有关相关工作的发现进行比较。其次，我们将使用我们的模型和替代性病变模型来生成和测试定量预测，以实现儿童（3至6岁）关于自我推理的发展轨迹的定量预测。这些模型将对儿童对自我观察和社会反馈的敏感性以及他们如何以及如何整合这些信息来源的敏感性做出不同的假设。我们的发展实验将有系统地改变儿童在玩具上的表现以及老师对其能力的信念，并测试这些如何为重要的学习行为提供信息：儿童的毅力和寻求挑战。通过整合最先进的计算和发展方法，该项目将揭示出对儿童的深刻重要学习问题：他们是谁，他们可以做什么。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的审查标准通过评估来获得的支持。