P2C2: Temperature and Hydroclimate Variability in Mid-Latitude arid Central Asia During the Past 13,600 years: a Multi-Proxy Investigation of Issyk-Kul (Kyrgyzstan)

P2C2：过去 13,600 年来中亚干旱中亚的温度和水文气候变化：对伊塞克湖（吉尔吉斯斯坦）的多代理调查

• 批准号: 2202902
• 负责人: Isla Castaneda
• 金额: $ 32.2万
• 依托单位: University of Massachusetts Amherst
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-01-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2202902&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: P2C2; Temperature; Hydroclimate; Variability; Mid

Arid Central Asia (ACA) will be strongly affected by future changes in water supply. Impending temperature increases along with changes in precipitation amount and type (snow or rain), as well as high population growth, are expected to bring environmental and economic stress to the region. ACA is a region characterized by varying geography and includes the Tian Shan Mountains (highest peak 7,439 m). The rate of warming on Earth is not uniform and varies with latitude and altitude; the poles and high elevation regions are warming the fastest. Large populations typically reside in lower elevation regions but often depend on runoff from the mountains as a water source. This is the case for ACA, which receives a small amount of annual precipitation, and where mountains and lakes are critical natural resources. For these reasons, is important to understand how future climate change will affect ACA. This research will generate temperature, precipitation and vegetation records spanning the past 13,600 years from Issuk-Kul, a large mountain lake in Kyrgyzstan. These new records will reveal the past climate history of ACA and will advance understanding of regional and global climate processes. Improved knowledge of past mid-latitude climate dynamics in ACA is needed to predict future conditions more accurately. This research will support efforts to broaden participation from underrepresented groups in STEM by providing hands-on summer workshops for middle and high school girls in partnership with the Eureka! Science Camp, run by Girls Inc. of the Valley (Holyoke, MA) and the College of Natural Sciences at UMass Amherst. High school interns also will be hosted during summers to gain laboratory experience.Issyk-Kul, one of the world's largest and deepest lakes, represents a presently understudied paleoclimate archive. This research will provide a multi-proxy organic geochemical study of Issyk-Kul using existing sediment cores to test hypotheses including that the lake experienced greater warming compared to the Northern Hemisphere average during both the mid-Holocene thermal maximum and since 1850 AD, that ACA received moisture from the East Asian Summer Monsoon during the mid-Holocene, and that shifts in the algal and microbial communities of Issyk-Kul occurred in response to climate variability. Multi-decadal to centennial-scale paleoclimate records will be produced. Proxies based on glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) will be used to generate a quantitative temperature reconstruction from ACA over the deglaciation and the Holocene, in conjunction with plant wax (n-alkane) deuterium and carbon isotopes as proxies for shifts in the dominant moisture sources (the Westerlies, the Siberian High, and the East Asian Summer Monsoon) and vegetation type (C3 versus C4 plants), respectively. Better understanding the paleoclimate history Issyk-Kul will constitute a major advance in the paleoclimatology of ACA where there are few existing records and where spatial and temporal variability is poorly understood.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

干旱中亚（ACA）将受到未来供水变化的强烈影响。即将到来的温度随着降水量和类型的变化（雪或雨）以及人口增长而增加，预计将为该地区带来环境和经济压力。 ACA是一个以不同地理位置为特征的区域，包括天山山脉（最高峰7,439 m）。地球上的变暖速率并不统一，并且随纬度和高度而变化。两极和高海拔地区的变暖最快。大量人口通常位于较低的海拔地区，但通常取决于山的径流作为水源。 ACA就是这种情况，该ACA每年降水量少量，而山和湖泊是关键的自然资源。由于这些原因，重要的是要了解未来的气候变化将如何影响ACA。这项研究将产生温度，降水和植被记录，跨越吉尔吉斯斯坦的大山湖Issuk-kul过去13,600年。这些新记录将揭示ACA过去的气候历史，并将提高对区域和全球气候过程的理解。需要提高对ACA中过去纬度气候动态的知识，以更准确地预测未来的条件。这项研究将通过与尤里卡合作为中学和高中女生提供动手夏季讲习班，以支持STEM中代表性不足的团体参与的努力！科学训练营，由山谷的女子公司（马萨诸塞州霍利奥克）和UMass Amherst的自然科学学院经营。高中实习生还将在夏季获得实验室经验。Sisyk-kul是世界上最大，最深的湖泊之一，代表了目前正在研究的古气候档案馆。这项研究将提供对Issyk-kul的多种多种有机地球化学研究，使用现有的沉积物核心测试假设，包括与北半球的平均水平相比，湖中的平均水平更高，同时又是上半新世热的最高最高最高时期，并且自1850年以来，自1850年以来，ACA从东亚夏季季中的ACA及其中等季节的杂货店及其中等地位的杂货店进行了交流。发生在响应气候变异性时。将产生多年至百年纪念的古气候记录。 Proxies based on glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) will be used to generate a quantitative temperature reconstruction from ACA over the deglaciation and the Holocene, in conjunction with plant wax (n-alkane) deuterium and carbon isotopes as proxies for shifts in the dominant moisture sources (the Westerlies, the Siberian High, and the East Asian Summer季风）和植被类型（C3与C4植物）分别。更好地了解古气候历史Issyk-kul将构成ACA古气候学的重大进步，那里的记录很少，空间和时间变异性知之甚少。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过使用该基金会的知识分子和更广泛影响的评估来评估CRITERIA CRITERIA的评估，并被认为是值得的。