Collaborative Research: Submersible Humidity Sensor research and development for measuring surface air humidity and evaporative flux on autonomous ocean floats

合作研究：潜水式湿度传感器研究和开发，用于测量自主海洋浮标上的表面空气湿度和蒸发通量

• 批准号: 2122786
• 负责人: John Farrar
• 金额: $ 94.8万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2122786&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Submersible; Humidity; Sensor

Water vapor is Earth’s most potent and variable greenhouse gas, the source of its precipitation, and of its latent heat of condensation in the atmosphere. Humidity is poorly observed by satellites. Accurate marine observations of surface air humidity are prohibited by the cost of durable sensors and observing platforms. Development of a submersible humidity sensor for low-cost unattended ocean floats will allow measurement of air surface humidity and evaporation more accurately and in more locations. More accurate humidity measurements will reduce the largest error in evaporation and atmosphere-ocean heat budgets. Humidity measurements from submersible floats will improve weather forecasting on seasonal to subseasonal time scales. Specifically, measurements in conditions too remote or too dangerous for crewed vessels near tropical cyclones (hurricanes) will improve tropical cyclone intensity forecasts, saving life and property. This project is to develop and test a robust submersible surface air humidity sensor and integrate it into standard autonomous ocean profiling floats. The researchers will test the humidity sensor alongside proven observing systems, characterizing its accuracy and error in various weather conditions. The research will assess the representativeness of measurements from surfacing ocean floats. The research will determine the accuracy of evaporation estimates using humidity observations in bulk aerodynamic formulae. The research will explore whether temperature transients measured at a wet thermometer can be used as an alternative method for measuring evaporative flux. The development of the humidity sensor enhances “observational, experimental or analytical capabilities of the ocean science research community,” in response to goals of Ocean Technology and Interdisciplinary Coordination program.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

水蒸气是地球上最有效且变化最大的温室气体，是其降水及其在大气中凝结潜热的来源。由于耐用传感器的成本，卫星很难对表面空气湿度进行准确的海洋观测。开发用于低成本无人值守海洋浮标的潜水式湿度传感器将能够在更多位置更准确地测量空气表面湿度和蒸发量。更准确的湿度测量将减少蒸发的最大误差。潜水浮标的湿度测量将改善季节性到次季节时间尺度的天气预报，具体来说，在热带气旋（飓风）附近对船员来说太遥远或太危险的条件下进行测量将改善热带气旋强度的预测，从而节省能源。该项目旨在开发和测试强大的潜水式表面空气湿度传感器，并将其集成到标准自主海洋剖面浮标中，并与经过验证的观测系统一起测试湿度传感器。表征其在各种天气条件下的准确性和误差。该研究将评估海洋浮标测量的代表性。该研究将利用整体空气动力学公式中的湿度观测来确定蒸发估计的准确性。湿温度计可作为测量蒸发通量的替代方法。湿度传感器的开发增强了“海洋科学研究界的观测、实验或分析能力”，以响应海洋技术和跨学科的目标。协调计划。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。