CAREER: Contextualizing recent extreme El Nino events over the late Holocene using trace element paleothermometry in tropical Pacific corals

职业：利用热带太平洋珊瑚中的微量元素古体温测量来了解全新世晚期最近的极端厄尔尼诺事件

• 批准号: 2145725
• 负责人: Alyssa Atwood
• 金额: $ 68.47万
• 依托单位: Florida State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-03-01 至 2027-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2145725&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Contextualizing; recent; extreme; El

This project will produce coral-based sea surface temperature reconstructions in the tropical Pacific Ocean. These records will document the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate phenomenon during the last 3000 years. Today, ENSO drives changes in weather patterns around the globe every few years. It originates in the tropical Pacific Ocean and atmosphere and can have severe and far-reaching impacts that affect the natural environment and the lives of billions of people. A series of extreme El Niño events over the last several decades suggests that rising atmospheric greenhouse gases may be causing ENSO events to intensify. However, how ENSO may change in a warmer world is not well known. Advances in understanding ENSO are currently limited by the short duration of instrumental sea surface temperature records. Approaches that use paleoclimate proxy data provide a way to produce temperature estimates from before the instrumental era. However, those longer proxy temperature records rely on sparse networks of coral-based records. This project will reduce that data gap by producing ~40 new decades-long coral-based temperature records from the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. The project’s education and outreach activities include efforts to recruit and retain undergraduates from groups underrepresented in the earth sciences and to strengthen active learning in the Florida State University undergraduate curriculum. They also include development of cross-disciplinary graduate research opportunities and efforts to improve science literacy in northern Florida high schools. The project includes four years of graduate student support and support for undergraduate researchers each year.The project will generate 40 new quantitative temperature records over the last 3,000 years from key regions of the equatorial Pacific Ocean spanning the eastern edge of the warm pool to the core of the cold tongue. An ensemble reconstruction approach will use smaller, more widely available coral archives than have traditionally been used in the past – coral rubble – and measurements will combine traditional Sr/Ca measurements with newer Sr-U techniques. Rigorous screening tools for diagenesis, including microscale analyses, will be employed to extract reliable climate information from the fossil records. The reconstructions will provide unprecedented quantitative constraints on the evolution of equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures on seasonal to millennial time scales, including characterizing whether and how the statistics of extreme ENSO events have changed since the industrial era, relative to the prior 3,000 years of Earth history. The educational objectives of the project will increase the scope and impact of the research, while also addressing outstanding needs in geoscience education. These educational objectives focus on expanding professional development opportunities, skill building, and diversity and leadership training for graduate students and postdocs entering the scientific workforce. The project will also integrate research with community needs and education at international field sites.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目将在热带太平洋中基于珊瑚的海面温度。至高的祖先可能会产生严重和深远的影响，即自然环境d数十亿人的生活。海面温度记录。但是，使用古气候代理提供了一种在工具时代产生的温度，但是，这些项目的稀疏网络上的较长的代理人会通过产生约40个新的数十年。 - 基于珊瑚的温度记录在佛罗里达州的跨学科研究生研究机会和佛罗里达州北部的科学素养中，佛罗里达州的积极学习不足。赤道太平洋的关键区域跨越了冷舌的温暖的珊瑚档案从季节性到千禧一代的尺度上的化石记录中的信息，包括极端事件的统计数据如何改变了Sinedsing Sinedustil，e sinedustil该项目的目标提高了研究的范围和影响。国际野外地点的需求和教育。该奖项反映了NSF值得通过使用Toundation的知识分子IT评估和更广泛影响审查标准的评估来支持的。