Collaborative Research: CAS-Climate: The Hydrologic Connection between Permafrost-Plateaus and Thaw-Bogs: Impact on Methane Emissions

合作研究：CAS-气候：永久冻土高原和解冻沼泽之间的水文联系：对甲烷排放的影响

• 批准号: 2142464
• 负责人: Rebecca Neumann
• 金额: $ 57.93万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-02-15 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2142464&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; CAS; Climate; Hydrologic

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas and wetlands are the largest natural source of methane to the atmosphere. In areas with permafrost, wetlands can develop when permafrost thaws and the land subsides. This process creates a landscape with pockets of low-elevation wetlands couched within higher elevation permafrost plateaus. This project investigates how the flow of water from permafrost plateaus into wetlands affects the amount of methane emitted from the wetlands. It may be that the water transports thermal energy and nutrients from the permafrost plateau into the wetland, that support methane production. This project could fundamentally change the way researchers study and model wetland methane emissions. The project researchers will collaborate with the Fostering Science and Climate Scholars programs at University of Alaska Fairbanks to create educational and research opportunities for university students, and youths in foster care in the State of Alaska.Previous research at a thaw bog in Interior Alaska showed that spring rainfall facilitated about 30% increase in methane emissions. Soil water from the permafrost-plateau flowed into the bog and rapidly warmed bog soils, stimulating microbial and plant processes that enhanced methane emissions. These results highlight how the plateau-bog hydrologic connection can influence methane. However, many aspects of this connection remain unclear. Most notably, the previous study captured two of the rainiest years on record, but bog methane emissions only increased in one of the two years. Therefore, to improve the prediction of methane emissions from northern latitudes, the scientists will: 1) determine the meteorological, soil and ecological conditions within the permafrost plateau that facilitate transport of thermal energy and nutrients from the plateau into the bog, 2) identify if and when these inputs affect bog methane emissions, and 3) assess how winter conditions impact these processes. These tasks will be accomplished by conducting fieldwork and by using a hydrologic model to examine historic data from multiple different thermokarst bogs to identify the subset of processes and conditions that facilitate plateau-bog transport and enhance bog methane emissions. The project team will then look for the co-occurrence of these processes and conditions throughout the thermokarst wetland landscape and update methane models to appropriately respond to identified circumstances. This award is co-funded by the Hydrologic Sciences and Arctic Natural Sciences programs.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

甲烷是一种有效的温室气体，湿地是大气中甲烷的最大自然来源。在永久冻土的地区，当多年冻土和土地消退时，湿地可以发展。这个过程创造了一个景观，其中有一口低海拔湿地的口袋，在高度较高的多年冻土高原内。该项目调查了从多年冻土高原流入湿地的水流如何影响从湿地发出的甲烷量。水可能将热能和养分从多年冻土高原传输到湿地，从而支持甲烷的产生。该项目可以从根本上改变研究人员的研究方式，并模拟湿地甲烷排放。该项目研究人员将与阿拉斯加大学Fairbanks大学的培养科学和气候学者计划合作，为大学生创造教育和研究机会，以及阿拉斯加州寄养的年轻人。春季降雨促进了甲烷排放量增加约30％。来自多年冻土 - 普拉托的土壤水流入沼泽并快速温暖的沼泽土壤，刺激微生物和植物过程，从而增强了甲烷排放。这些结果突出了高原-BOG水文连接如何影响甲烷。但是，这种联系的许多方面尚不清楚。最值得注意的是，先前的研究捕获了有记录以来最雨的两年，但在两年中，沼泽甲烷排放量仅增加。因此，为了改善北部纬度的甲烷排放的预测，科学家将：1）确定永久冻土高原内的气象，土壤和生态状况，以促进热能和养分从高原进入沼泽，2）确定是否确定是否确定是否确定当这些投入影响沼泽甲烷排放时，3）评估冬季条件如何影响这些过程。这些任务将通过进行现场工作和使用水文模型来检查来自多个不同的热电沼泽的历史数据，以确定促进高原烟雾传输并增强沼泽甲烷排放的过程和条件的子集。然后，项目团队将在整个Thermokarst Wetland景观中寻找这些过程和条件的同时出现，并更新甲烷模型，以适当响应确定的情况。该奖项由水文科学和北极自然科学计划共同资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估标准通过评估来支持的。