Collaborative Research: Mastering the photonic lantern: The key to transformative diffraction-limited spectroscopy

合作研究：掌握光子灯笼：变革性衍射极限光谱学的关键

• 批准号: 2109232
• 负责人: Michael Fitzgerald
• 金额: $ 21.2万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2109232&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Mastering; photonic; lantern

This project aims to advance a key technology known as a “photonic lantern.” Photonic lanterns will allow for compact and stable spectrographs behind large telescopes. These spectrographs will deliver extremely precise measurements of various astronomical objects, most notably planets around other stars. The work to advance photonic lanterns will proceed in several key ways. First, to understand how to use lanterns to efficiently capture light from a large telescope. Second, to demonstrate that lanterns can sense the shape of light waves after they are affected by Earth’s atmosphere. This will enable correction for those shape errors and maximize the amount of light captured. Finally, to explore the potential of using a lantern for making images and measuring positions of astronomical objects. This work will also be directly applicable to telecommunications and free-space optical communications. Lanterns could play a key role in increasing the data volume and fidelity of data transfer with satellites. Operating at the diffraction-limit breaks traditional seeing-limited instrument scaling laws and allows a spectrograph to be the most compact for a given set of specifications. A compact instrument uses optics that are more likely to be manufacturable and of higher quality, is more robust to mechanical deflections, easier to thermally stabilize, and costs less. A Photonic Lantern (PL) allows conversion of a multi-mode fiber input to multiple single-mode fibers, thus enabling greater coupling at the input while maintaining the diffraction-limit into the spectrograph thus maintaining an ultra-stable spectral line-spread function (i.e. the shape does not vary with time or input illumination conditions). The project seeks to understand how to efficiently inject light into PLs from wavefronts partially corrected by adaptive optics. Further it will investigate if PLs can be used as focal-plane wavefront sensors, eliminating non-common path and chromatic errors, and boosting system efficiency Finally, the ability to use lanterns to do imaging and astrometry by separating the coherent and incoherent parts of the electric field will be investigated. The outcomes from this project could have immediate significant impact on existing and future spectrographs on large telescopes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目旨在推进一项被称为“光子灯笼”的关键技术。光子灯笼将允许在大型望远镜后面安装紧凑且稳定的摄谱仪，这些摄谱仪将对各种天体进行极其精确的测量，尤其是其他恒星周围的行星。推进光子灯笼将通过几个关键方式进行：首先，了解如何使用灯笼有效地捕获来自大型望远镜的光。光波受到地球大气层影响后的形状，这将能够纠正这些形状误差并最大限度地增加捕获的光量。最后，这项工作探索了使用灯笼制作图像和测量天体位置的潜力。也将直接应用于电信和自由空间光通信，灯笼可以在增加卫星数据传输的数据量和保真度方面发挥关键作用，在衍射极限下运行打破了传统的视宁度限制仪器缩放定律。光谱仪对于给定的一组规格来说，紧凑型仪器使用的光学器件更容易制造，质量更高，对机械偏转更稳定，更容易热稳定，并且成本更低。 ）允许将多模光纤输入转换为多个单模光纤，从而在输入处实现更大的耦合，同时保持光谱仪的衍射极限，从而保持超稳定的谱线扩展函数（即该项目旨在了解如何将光从经过自适应光学部分校正的波前有效地注入到 PL 中，从而消除非焦平面波前传感器。 -常见的路径和色差误差，并提高系统效率 最后，将研究通过分离电场的相干和非相干部分来使用灯笼进行成像和天体测量的能力。对大型望远镜上现有和未来的摄谱仪产生直接的重大影响。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Design considerations of photonic lanterns for diffraction-limited spectrometry

用于衍射极限光谱测量的光子灯的设计考虑

• DOI: 10.1364/josab.423664
• 发表时间: 2021-01
• 期刊: Journal of the Optical Society of America B
• 作者: Lin, Jonathan;Jovanovic, Nemanja;Fitzgerald, Michael P.
• 通讯作者: Fitzgerald, Michael P.

Focal-plane wavefront sensing with photonic lanterns II: numerical characterization and optimization

使用光子灯笼进行焦平面波前传感 II：数值表征和优化

• DOI: 10.1364/josab.502962
• 发表时间: 2023-10-25
• 期刊: Journal of the Optical Society of America B
• 作者: Jonathan Lin;Michael P. Fitzgerald;Yinzi Xin;Yoo Jung Kim;O. Guyon;Sergio Leon;B. Norris;N. Jovanovic
• 通讯作者: N. Jovanovic

Efficient Detection and Characterization of Exoplanets within the Diffraction Limit: Nulling with a Mode-selective Photonic Lantern

在衍射极限内有效检测和表征系外行星：使用模式选择性光子灯笼进行归零

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac9284
• 发表时间: 2022-10
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Xin, Yinzi;Jovanovic, Nemanja;Ruane, Garreth;Mawet, Dimitri;Fitzgerald, Michael P.;Echeverri, Daniel;Lin, Jonathan;Leon;Gatkine, Pradip;Kim, Yoo Jung;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

Focal-plane wavefront sensing with photonic lanterns: theoretical framework

使用光子灯的焦平面波前传感：理论框架

• DOI: 10.1364/josab.466227
• 发表时间: 2022-09
• 期刊: Journal of the Optical Society of America B
• 作者: Lin, Jonathan;Fitzgerald, Michael P.;Xin, Yinzi;Guyon, Olivier;Leon;Norris, Barnaby;Jovanovic, Nemanja
• 通讯作者: Jovanovic, Nemanja