Dimensions US–China: Collaborative Research: Consequences of diversity in Asian and American oak syngameons for functional variation, adaptation and symbiont biodiversity

中美维度：合作研究：亚洲和美洲橡树合配体多样性对功能变异、适应和共生生物多样性的影响

• 批准号: 2129236
• 负责人: Heather McCarthy
• 金额: $ 13.66万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-10-15 至 2026-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2129236&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dimensions; US; China; Collaborative; Research

The world’s approximately 425 oak species maintain species identity even while exchanging genes with their close relatives through hybridization. This history of evolution and genetic exchange has shaped the biodiversity of northern hemisphere ecosystems. Oaks are ecologically diverse, with related species often growing in close proximity but specializing on areas of the forest landscape that differ in soil texture and moisture level or in the frequency of natural fires. Gene exchange can move such ecological specializations between oak species, broadening their ranges and ability to respond to climate change. The impacts of these genetic exchanges may extend beyond the oaks themselves. Oaks host an estimated 1000 gall wasp species worldwide and highly diverse communities of fungi associated with their roots (as mycorrhizae) and inside their leaves (as endophytes). Using paired field surveys and common garden experiments the PIs will evaluate the effects of hybridization and introgression on the genetic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of focal oak species and their symbionts in the US and China. This work will also provide inquiry-based K-12, undergraduate, and graduate education; critical natural history training to the public through a community-science initiative in oak phenology; and publications that will bring research to public audiences.Two interdisciplinary teams of researchers, one based in the US and one in China, will investigate how genomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of oak trees shape the mycorrhizal fungi, endophytic fungi, and gall wasp and other insect communities that associate with them. Research will focus on two related groups of interbreeding species: bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) and relatives in the US and bao li (Quercus serrata) and relatives in China. The project has three objectives, each conducted in parallel in China and the U.S. In Objective 1 the teams will perform range-wide phylogenomic surveys of natural populations to reconstruct genomic mosaics, characterize geographic patterns of leaf functional traits, and characterize functional and phylogenetic diversity of associated mycorrhizal fungi, leaf endophytic fungi, and gall wasps. In Objective 2 common gardens will be planted across climatic gradients to evaluate the effects of genetic variation and population differentiation on oak functional and spectral traits and relative fitness in different climates, and how these influence the phylogenetic and functional diversity of oak-associated fungal and insect communities. In Objective 3 the teams will use a second set of common garden experiments to evaluate how plant community and phylogenetic diversity affects focal oak species genetic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity. The project will provide an integrative perspective on how oak diversity within and among species impacts the broad diversity of oak-dominated ecosystems across the northern hemisphere.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

即使通过杂交与近亲交换基因，世界上约有425种橡木物种也保持物种的身份。这种进化和遗传交换的历史已经塑造了北半球生态系统的生物多样性。橡树在生态上是多种多样的，相关物种通常在近距离附近生长，但专门研究森林景观区域的土壤质地和水分水平不同或自然火的频率。基因交换可以转移橡树物种之间的这种生态专业，扩大其范围和对气候变化的反应能力。这些遗传交流的影响可能超出了橡树本身。 Oaks在全球占据了大约1000种胆汁的黄蜂物种，并且与其根（如菌根）和叶子内部（作为内生植物）相关的真菌群落高度多样化。使用配对的现场调查和常见的花园实验，PI将评估杂交和渗入对焦点橡木物种的遗传，系统发育和功能多样性及其在美国和中国的符号的影响。这项工作还将提供基于询问的K-12，本科和研究生教育；批判性自然历史通过社区科学倡议在橡木候训练中培训；以及将为公众观众带来研究的出版物。两个研究人员的跨学科团队，一个位于美国的研究人员和中国的一项将如何研究橡树的基因组，功能和系统发育多样性如何塑造与这些人相关的菌根真菌，内生真菌，胆汁和其他昆虫社区。研究将侧重于两个相关的杂交物种：Bur Oak（Quercus Macrocarpa）和美国的亲戚和中国的Bao Li（Quercus Serrata）和亲戚。该项目有三个目标，每个目标在中国和美国的目标1中并行进行，团队将对自然种群进行范围范围的系统发育调查，以重建基因组镶嵌，表征叶子功能性状的地理模式，并表征功能和系统生理多样性的相关性多样性，相关的mycorrhizal fungi，叶子fungi，Entophygi，Entophygi和Enthyphytic Fungi和Funps andps andps。在目标2中，将在民用梯度上种植普通花园，以评估不同气候中遗传变异和种群分化对橡木功能和光谱性状的影响，以及在不同气候中的相对适应性，以及这些如何影响橡木相关的真菌和昆虫群落的系统发育和功能多样性。在目标3中，团队将使用第二组常见的花园实验来评估植物群落和系统发育多样性如何影响局部橡木规格遗传，系统发育和功能多样性。该项目将提供一个综合观点，说明物种内部和物种之间的多样性如何影响整个北半球的橡木主导性生态系统的广泛多样性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的审查标准来评估的珍贵支持。