NNA Research: Collaborative Research: Displacing Wood Use with Electric Thermal Storage Heating to Improve Ambient Air Quality

NNA 研究：合作研究：用电蓄热加热取代木材使用以改善环境空气质量

• 批准号: 2127431
• 负责人: Raghu Betha
• 金额: $ 64.32万
• 依托单位: Texas Tech University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2127431&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NNA; Research; Collaborative; Displacing; Wood

Navigating the New Arctic (NNA) is one of NSF's 10 Big Ideas. NNA projects address convergence scientific challenges in the rapidly changing Arctic. The Arctic research is needed to inform the economy, security and resilience of the Nation, the larger region and the globe. NNA empowers new research partnerships from local to international scales, diversifies the next generation of Arctic researchers, enhances efforts in formal and informal education, and integrates the co-production of knowledge where appropriate. This award fulfills part of that aim by addressing interactions among social systems, natural environment, and built environment in the following NNA focus areas: Arctic Residents, Data and Observation, Education, and Resilient Infrastructure.In Arctic regions, space heating is often a necessity, but burning fuel to heat living spaces has substantial financial and environmental costs. In the Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB), Alaska, for example, most households use heating fuel oil as their primary source of space heating and firewood as a secondary heating source. Wood-burning heating devices are the largest source of fine particulate matter with a size of 2.5 microns or less, (PM2.5), in the borough, but wood is a relatively low-cost fuel compared to heating fuel oil. The FNSB is classified as a nonattainment area for PM2.5, which is associated with negative impacts on cardiopulmonary health. Electric thermal storage heaters (ETSH) could help solve the PM2.5 problem by replacing the firewood currently used for residential space heating. This research aims to determine whether the use of residential ETSH can mitigate ambient PM2.5 air pollution and fuel poverty in Interior Alaska. This research has public health and policy implications for any community interested in reducing PM2.5 air pollution resulting from wood burning for residential space heating. It also has implications for Arctic communities interested in the relationship between wood burning and the carbon components of PM2.5. This research may lead to a broader adoption of ETSH for space heating, which could improve air quality, reduce fuel poverty, and reduce the carbon footprint of residential space heating. The project incorporates dimensions of the natural environment, built environment, and social systems through four components: 1) an ETSH field experiment; 2) air quality analysis and modeling; 3) economic analysis; and 4) air quality education. The research objectives of the project will: 1) measure the ambient PM2.5 air pollution in a treatment and control neighborhood before and after the installation of residential ETSH in the treatment neighborhood; 2) conduct emission inventories of the sources of PM2.5 in the control and treatment neighborhoods; 3) model the collected PM2.5 air pollution data, controlling for wind speed and direction, air temperature, and relative humidity, to determine if there is a measurable difference in ambient PM2.5 concentrations between the treatment and control neighborhoods; 4) measure the constituents and estimate the source contributions of PM2.5; 5) forecast how changes in fuel prices and increases in the number and concentration of ETSH may affect ambient PM2.5 air pollution in the FNSB; 6) estimate FNSB residents’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for electricity to charge ETSH; 7) estimate short-run own-price, cross-price, and expenditure elasticities of demand for residential heating fuels in the FNSB; 8) estimate the impact of ETSH on residential heating expenditures under different electricity rates; and 9) collaborate with FNSB teachers to develop and pilot curriculum materials for a science unit on PM2.5 air pollution.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

NSF的10个大创意之一是导航新北极（NNA）。 NNA项目应对北极快速变化的融合科学挑战。需要进行北极研究，以告知国家，较大地区和全球的经济，安全和弹性。 NNA赋予从本地量表到国际规模的新研究伙伴关系，使下一代北极研究人员多样化，加强了正规和非正式教育方面的努力，并在适当的情况下整合了知识的共同生产。该奖项通过解决以下NNA焦点领域的社会系统，自然环境和建筑环境之间的互动来实现这一目标的一部分：北极居民，数据和观察，教育以及弹性基础设施。在北极地区，空间供暖通常是必要的，但是燃烧燃料以燃烧燃料来进行供热空间具有实质性的财务和环境成本。例如，在阿拉斯加的Fairbanks North Star Borough（FNSB）中，大多数家庭都将供暖燃料油作为其主要的太空供暖来源，将柴火作为次要加热来源。燃烧木材的加热设备是自治市镇中最大的特殊物质的最大来源，大小为2.5微米（PM2.5），但与加热燃料油相比，木材是一种相对低成本的燃料。 FNSB被归类为PM2.5的非稳定区域，这与对心肺健康的负面影响有关。电动热存储加热器（ETSH）可以通过更换目前用于住宅空间供暖的柴火来帮助解决PM2.5问题。这项研究旨在确定使用住宅ETSH是否可以减轻阿拉斯加内部的环境PM2.5空气污染和燃料贫困。这项研究对任何有兴趣减少木材燃烧造成的PM2.5空气污染的社区具有公共卫生和政策影响。它对对木材燃烧和PM2.5碳成分之间关系感兴趣的北极社区也有影响。这项研究可能会导致更广泛的ETSH采用空间供暖，从而改善空气质量，减少燃料贫困并减少住宅空间供暖的碳足迹。该项目通过四个组成部分结合了自然环境，建筑环境和社会系统的尺寸：1）ETSH田间实验； 2）空气质量分析和建模； 3）经济分析； 4）空气质量教育。该项目的研究目标将：1）测量在治疗社区安装住宅ETSH之前和之后，在治疗和控制社区中的环境PM2.5； 2）在控制和治疗社区中对PM2.5来源进行排放清单； 3）对收集的PM2.5空气污染数据进行建模，控制风速和方向，空气温度和相对湿度，以确定治疗和控制社区之间的环境PM2.5浓度是否存在可测量的差异； 4）衡量成分并估计PM2.5的来源贡献； 5）预测燃油价格的变化以及ETSH的数量和集中度的增加可能影响FNSB的环境PM2.5空气污染； 6）估计FNSB居民的付费意愿（WTP），以充电ETSH； 7）估计FNSB中住宅供暖燃料需求需求的短期，交叉价格和支出弹性； 8）估计ETSH对不同电量的住宅供暖支出的影响； 9）与FNSB教师合作，为PM2.5空气污染的科学部门开发和试行课程材料。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子和更广泛的影响审查标准来评估NSF的法定任务。