Collaborative Research: BENEATH THE FOUNTAINS: Shallow conduit processes and diversity in basaltic fissure eruptions.

合作研究：喷泉下方：浅层管道过程和玄武岩裂隙喷发的多样性。

• 批准号: 2119973
• 负责人: Arianna Soldati
• 金额: $ 21.43万
• 依托单位: North Carolina State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2119973&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; BENEATH; FOUNTAINS; Shallow

Mildly explosive eruptions—the most frequent manifestations of subaerial explosive volcanism on Earth—broadly group into two styles: Strombolian and Hawaiian. The former is characterized by sequences of intermittent discrete explosions and the latter by sustained pyroclastic fountaining. Explosive activity during the 2018 fissure eruption of Kīlauea volcano (Hawaiʻi) provided an exceptional opportunity to record a wide range of Strombolian and Hawaiian behavior (Figure 1), thanks to the accessibility of the volcano and the wealth of data types collected throughout the event. This study address which processes in the plumbing system beneath the volcano ‘drove’ the great diversity in style and intensity of the 2018 explosive activity compared to previous, more consistent, fissure eruptions at Kīlauea and elsewhere? Kīlauea is an exceptionally active volcano and its eruptions pose constant challenges for management agencies because the eruption sites are highly accessible and there is a need to balance the strong popular interest in viewing the eruptive activity against public safety (as seen in 2018). This balance requires critically on sophisticated knowledge of the volcano’s current and immediately future behavior. There is both a public desire for better knowledge of the volcano’s behavior and a need for improved forecasting of the likely course and footprint of all future eruptions. The observatory partner, USGS, has a federally mandated role to advise response agencies in Hawaii and will transfer knowledge from the NSF-funded study to the bodies charged with risk management. This work involves exchange of material and ideas between institutions in the USA, and the United Kingdom to the benefit of young researchers and students. The results will be widely disseminated via meetings and workshops, courses offered by the FEMA-funded National Disaster Preparedness Training Center, the Internet and scientific publications and a planned virtual field trip to Kilauea.The goal of this study is to link existing high-resolution observations of explosive basaltic fissure eruptions to the processes in the very shallow conduit that cause and shape them, focusing on the 2018 Kīlauea eruption as a case study. It will combine existing data derived from high temporal and spatial resolution videos with: (1) field measurements of five representative pyroclastic footprints, and laboratory characterization of the ejecta, (2) high-precision measurements of two-phase magma rheology, and (3) models tied to newly completed laboratory analog experiments to simulate outgassing patterns. This approach is expected to help identify patterns and precursors that accompany transitions in eruptive style, supporting risk management for communities on the flank of this very active volcano. This study will fundamentally improve our understanding of the dynamics of Hawaiian and Strombolian eruptions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

轻度爆炸性的爆发 - 地球上最常见的爆炸性火山爆爆，这是两种样式：斯特罗姆博利亚和夏威夷人。前者的特征是间歇性爆炸的序列，而后者则是持续的火山碎屑源。 Kīlauea火山（夏威夷）在2018年裂缝爆发期间的爆炸性活动为记录广泛的Strombolian和夏威夷行为提供了极大的机会（图1），感谢火山的可访问性以及在整个活动中收集的大量数据类型。这项研究介绍了在火山“驱动” 2018年爆炸活性的巨大多样性下的水暖系统中的过程，与以前的，更一致的，更一致的裂缝爆发相比，基质和其他地方的裂变？ Kīlauea是一座异常活跃的火山，其喷发对管理机构构成了持续的挑战，因为喷发地点非常容易接近，并且有必要平衡对观察针对公共安全的喷发活动的强烈兴趣（如2018年所示）。这种平衡需要对火山当前和未来行为的复杂知识至关重要。公众既希望更好地了解火山的行为，又需要改善对所有未来爆发的可能性过程和足迹的预测。观察家合作伙伴USGS在夏威夷的响应机构建议响应机构中扮演联邦政府的角色，并将将知识从NSF资助的研究转移到负责风险管理的机构。这项工作涉及美国机构与英国之间的材料和思想交换，以与年轻的研究人员和学生的好处交换。 The results will be widely disseminated via meetings and workshops, courses offered by the FEMA-funded National Disaster Preparedness Training Center, the Internet and scientific publications and a planned virtual field trip to Kilauea.The goal of this study is to link existing high-resolution observations of explosive basic fissure eruptions to the processes in the very shallow conduit that cause and shape them, focusing on the 2018 Kīlauea eruption as a案例研究。它将结合源自高临时和空间分辨率视频的现有数据与：（1）五个代表性的火山塑性足迹的现场测量以及射流的实验室表征，（2）两相MAGMA流变学的高精度测量值，（3）与新近完整的实验室类似物相关的模型，以模拟超级模拟的模拟超级模拟量大图。预计这种方法将有助于识别以喷发风格过渡的模式和前体，从而为这座非常活跃的火山的侧面支持社区的风险管理。这项研究将从根本上提高我们对夏威夷和斯特罗姆博尔爆发动态的理解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，认为通过评估被认为是宝贵的支持。