Collaborative Research: BENEATH THE FOUNTAINS: Shallow conduit processes and diversity in basaltic fissure eruptions.

合作研究：喷泉下方：浅层管道过程和玄武岩裂隙喷发的多样性。

• 批准号: 2119973
• 负责人: Arianna Soldati
• 金额: $ 21.43万
• 依托单位: North Carolina State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2119973&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; BENEATH; FOUNTAINS; Shallow

Mildly explosive eruptions—the most frequent manifestations of subaerial explosive volcanism on Earth—broadly group into two styles: Strombolian and Hawaiian. The former is characterized by sequences of intermittent discrete explosions and the latter by sustained pyroclastic fountaining. Explosive activity during the 2018 fissure eruption of Kīlauea volcano (Hawaiʻi) provided an exceptional opportunity to record a wide range of Strombolian and Hawaiian behavior (Figure 1), thanks to the accessibility of the volcano and the wealth of data types collected throughout the event. This study address which processes in the plumbing system beneath the volcano ‘drove’ the great diversity in style and intensity of the 2018 explosive activity compared to previous, more consistent, fissure eruptions at Kīlauea and elsewhere? Kīlauea is an exceptionally active volcano and its eruptions pose constant challenges for management agencies because the eruption sites are highly accessible and there is a need to balance the strong popular interest in viewing the eruptive activity against public safety (as seen in 2018). This balance requires critically on sophisticated knowledge of the volcano’s current and immediately future behavior. There is both a public desire for better knowledge of the volcano’s behavior and a need for improved forecasting of the likely course and footprint of all future eruptions. The observatory partner, USGS, has a federally mandated role to advise response agencies in Hawaii and will transfer knowledge from the NSF-funded study to the bodies charged with risk management. This work involves exchange of material and ideas between institutions in the USA, and the United Kingdom to the benefit of young researchers and students. The results will be widely disseminated via meetings and workshops, courses offered by the FEMA-funded National Disaster Preparedness Training Center, the Internet and scientific publications and a planned virtual field trip to Kilauea.The goal of this study is to link existing high-resolution observations of explosive basaltic fissure eruptions to the processes in the very shallow conduit that cause and shape them, focusing on the 2018 Kīlauea eruption as a case study. It will combine existing data derived from high temporal and spatial resolution videos with: (1) field measurements of five representative pyroclastic footprints, and laboratory characterization of the ejecta, (2) high-precision measurements of two-phase magma rheology, and (3) models tied to newly completed laboratory analog experiments to simulate outgassing patterns. This approach is expected to help identify patterns and precursors that accompany transitions in eruptive style, supporting risk management for communities on the flank of this very active volcano. This study will fundamentally improve our understanding of the dynamics of Hawaiian and Strombolian eruptions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

轻度爆发性喷发是地球上最常见的地面爆发性火山活动，大致分为两种类型：斯特龙博式火山爆发和夏威夷式火山爆发，前者的特点是间歇性离散爆炸，后者则以 2018 年裂缝喷发期间的持续火山碎屑喷发为特征。基拉韦厄火山（夏威夷）提供了一个绝佳的机会来记录各种斯特龙博利和夏威夷行为（图 1），得益于火山的可达性以及在整个事件过程中收集的丰富数据类型，这项研究探讨了火山下方管道系统中的哪些过程“驱动”了 2018 年爆发活动的风格和强度的巨大多样性。与之前的基拉韦厄火山和其他地方更加一致、高度裂缝的喷发相比，基拉韦厄火山是一座异常活跃的火山，它的喷发给管理机构带来了持续的挑战，因为喷发地点易于接近，并且需要平衡强烈的民众利益。考虑到火山喷发活动对公共安全的影响（如 2018 年所示），这种平衡需要对火山当前和近期行为的深入了解。公众既希望更好地了解火山的行为，也需要改进预测。观测站的合作伙伴美国地质勘探局（USGS）负有联邦授权的职责，为夏威夷的响应机构提供建议，并将把国家科学基金会资助的研究中的知识转移给负责风险管理的机构。涉及美国和英国机构之间的材料和思想交流，以造福年轻研究人员和学生。研究结果将通过会议和研讨会以及由联邦应急管理局资助的国家备灾培训中心提供的课程进行广泛传播。互联网和科学出版物以及计划的基拉韦厄虚拟实地考察。这项研究的目标是将现有的玄武岩裂隙爆发的高分辨率观察与引起和塑造它们的非常浅的管道中的过程联系起来，重点关注它将 2018 年基拉韦厄火山喷发作为案例研究，它将结合来自高时间和空间分辨率视频的现有数据：(1) 五个代表性火山碎屑足迹的现场测量，以及喷射物的实验室特征，(2) 两个火山碎屑足迹的高精度测量。 -相岩浆流变学，以及（3）与新完成的实验室模拟实验相关的模型，以模拟排气模式。这种方法预计将有助于识别伴随喷发类型转变的模式和前兆，支持风险。这项研究将从根本上提高我们对夏威夷和斯特龙博利火山喷发动态的理解。该奖项是美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响进行评估，被认为值得支持。审查标准。