NSF/BSF: New Approaches to Understanding and Enhancing Human Learning and Memory Consolidation

NSF/BSF：理解和增强人类学习和记忆巩固的新方法

基本信息

批准号：
2048681
负责人：
Ken Paller
金额：
$ 74.23万
依托单位：
Northwestern University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-08-01 至 2024-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2048681&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
NSF BSF New Approaches Understanding

项目摘要

This project addresses the human ability to acquire new knowledge and remember it later, an ability that all-to-often falters. What allows some memories to be maintained in an enduring and accurate way so they can be retrieved when needed? Scientists have discovered that a process of memory consolidation transforms memory storage in the brain. As each new memory is acquired, it is integrated with existing information in order to be stored effectively. When consolidation works well, we are each endowed with a large set of memories that we can rely on daily. To understand it better, we need to observe the brain events that underlie consolidation. This project uses several state-of-the-art methods to manipulate brain activity in ways that can clarify the steps of memory consolidation. New knowledge about the brain mechanisms that underlie learning and stable memory in the human brain is vital for many applications. Efficient knowledge acquisition is at the core of education, and also the driving force for innovation. Many people, especially the elderly, experience difficulties in learning and remembering that require new approaches to enhance their cognitive skills. A comprehensive understanding of learning is needed to optimize it in all these circumstances and allow for practical interventions to improve learning and memory. This project advances an understanding of how people store and remember valuable information, particularly with respect to offline processing accomplished by the brain—both when we are awake and when we are asleep—over the time period between initial exposure to new information and later recall. The focus of this project is spatial memory, a type of memory of great ecological importance and a prime example of memory storage, involving two key brain regions, the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. The experiments reinforce the link between consolidation and a specific measure of brain activity known as theta, a slow brain oscillation apparent and measurable in an electroencephalogram (EEG)– a measure of dynamic brain activity. Parallel neuroimaging studies measuring the spatial landscape of brain activity also link memory consolidation with brain connectivity. Participants learn locations of objects displayed on a screen, and later must recall these locations. Prior to memory testing, different experimental interventions that affect memory consolidation are applied: electromagnetic stimulation, sensory entrainment, neurofeedback training, and partial cues to reinstate learned information. Subsequent recall of the critical spatial information is linked to brain measures altered through these interventions, particularly EEG oscillations in the theta band, hippocampal activation, and hippocampal-cortical connectivity. This project deepens our understanding of memory consolidation by linking memory to neural observations of brain rhythms, activations, and connectivity. The results will animate new perspectives on how new memories are preserved in the human brain and may lead to new techniques to enhance human learning and memory in the young and old. This project engages joint international activities among neuroscientists through the NSF-BSF (National Science Foundation – Israel Binational Science Foundation) collaboration.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这个项目旨在解决人类获取新知识并在以后记住它的能力，这种能力经常会被削弱。科学家们发现，是什么让一些记忆能够以持久和准确的方式保存下来，以便在需要时能够检索出来？记忆巩固的过程会改变大脑中存储的记忆，当记忆巩固有效时，我们每个人都会被赋予大量的记忆。为了更好地理解它，我们需要观察巩固记忆背后的大脑事件，该项目使用几种最先进的方法来操纵大脑活动，从而阐明记忆巩固的步骤。关于学习和稳定记忆背后的大脑机制的新知识。有效的知识获取是教育的核心，也是创新的驱动力。许多人，尤其是老年人，在学习和记忆方面遇到困难，需要新的方法来增强他们的认知技能。需要对学习有全面的了解才能优化它。这些情况并允许采取实际干预措施来改善学习和记忆，该项目增进了对人们如何存储和记住有价值的信息的理解，特别是在我们清醒时和睡着时大脑完成的离线处理方面。该项目的重点是空间记忆，这是一种具有重要生态意义的记忆，也是记忆存储的一个典型例子，大脑皮层和海马体是两个关键的大脑区域。这些实验强化了巩固与大脑活动的特定测量之间的联系被称为 theta 的缓慢大脑振荡在脑电图（EEG）中明显可见，这是一种动态大脑活动的测量方法，测量大脑活动的空间景观的并行神经成像研究也将记忆巩固与大脑连接性联系起来。在记忆测试之前，会应用影响巩固记忆的不同实验干预措施：电磁刺激、感觉夹带、神经反馈训练和部分提示来恢复随后学到的信息。对关键空间信息的回忆与通过这些干预措施改变的大脑测量相关，特别是θ带的脑电图振荡、海马激活和海马皮质连接，该项目通过将记忆与大脑节律的神经观察联系起来，加深了我们对记忆巩固的理解。研究结果将为人类大脑如何保存新记忆提供新的视角，并可能带来增强年轻人和老年人的人类学习和记忆的新技术。通过 NSF-BSF（国家科学基金会 - 以色列两国科学基金会）的合作，神经科学家获得了该奖项。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（4）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Updating memories of unwanted emotions during human sleep

更新人类睡眠期间不良情绪的记忆

DOI：
10.1101/2022.07.18.500414
发表时间：
2022-07-20
期刊：
Current Biology
影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Tao Xia;Ziqing Yao;Xue Guo;Jing Liu;Danni Chen;Qiang Liu;K. Paller;Xiaoqing Hu
通讯作者：
Xiaoqing Hu

Memory consolidation during sleep involves context reinstatement in humans

睡眠期间的记忆巩固涉及人类的情境恢复