Neo-sex chromosome evolution and impact on speciation-with-gene flow in oceanic island birds

海岛鸟类的新性染色体进化及其对基因流物种形成的影响

• 批准号: 2112474
• 负责人: John Uy
• 金额: $ 89.8万
• 依托单位: University of Rochester
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-07-01 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2112474&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Neo; sex; chromosome; evolution; impact; Neo; sex; chromosome; evolution; impact

A major goal of evolutionary biology is to determine the genetic changes responsible for speciation— the formation of new species. Most species are formed when two populations that evolve in different geographic regions accumulate genetic differences that make them reproductively incompatible with one another. Sometimes, however, species come into geographic contact before speciation is complete and produce partially fertile hybrids. These natural hybrids have mosaic genomes that allow the determination of which genes and/or chromosomes are responsible for reproductive incompatibility. Previous work in many animals and plants has shown, for instance, that sex-limited chromosomes play outsized roles in speciation. In the Solomon Islands, two honeyeater bird species hybridize and produce partially fertile hybrids. These hybridizing honeyeaters are of particular interest because they possess both old and new, recently evolved, sex-limited chromosomes. The honeyeaters therefore present a rare opportunity to address important questions in the genetic evolution of new species, the evolution of new sex-limited chromosomes, and the role of sex-limited chromosomes in speciation. The project will educate undergraduate students in integrative biology through direct involvement in field work then training in cutting-edge computational approaches. Through educational initiatives, the project will also help promote conservation in a remote island threatened by clear-cut logging.This research project has three major aims. The first aim is to characterize the lineage-specific evolution of neo-sex chromosomes in two species of honeyeaters using comparative genomics analyses of ultrahigh quality genome assemblies. The second aim is to characterize the history of speciation, secondary contact, admixture, and natural selection using population genomics analyses of samples of each species and of their hybrids. The third aim is to investigate behavioral and genetic factors that may impact the direction and genomic distribution of gene flow using field data on mate-choice and parentage. Together, these aims combine genomics and field approaches to provide novel insights into the interaction of genome evolution and the origin of species.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

进化生物学的主要目标是确定负责规格的遗传变化 - 新物种的形成。当两个种群在不同的地理区域中发展出遗传差异时，大多数物种就会形成，这使它们彼此之间的生殖不相容。但是，有时，在规格完成之前，物种会接触地理接触并产生部分肥沃的杂种。这些天然杂种具有镶嵌基因组，可以确定哪些基因和/或染色体负责生殖不相容。例如，在许多动物和植物中的先前工作表明，在规范中，性限制的染色体在规格中扮演了角色。在所罗门群岛，两种蜂蜜鸟类杂交并产生部分肥沃的杂种。这些杂交蜂蜜剂特别感兴趣，因为它们具有新旧的，最近进化的，性限制的染色体。因此，蜂蜜者为在新物种的遗传进化，新的性限制染色体的进化以及性限制的染色体中的作用中提供了一个难得的机会来解决重要问题。该项目将通过直接参与现场工作，然后在尖端计算方法中培训来教育综合生物学的本科生。通过教育计划，该项目还将帮助促进一个受清晰伐木威胁的偏远岛屿的保护。该研究项目具有三个主要目标。第一个目的是使用超高质量基因组组件的比较基因组学分析来表征两种蜂蜜植物中新性别染色体的谱系特异性演化。第二个目的是使用种群基因组学分析每种物种及其杂种的样品分析规范，次要接触，混合和自然选择的历史。第三个目的是研究可能会使用伴侣选择和亲子的现场数据影响基因流的方向和基因组分布的行为和遗传因素。这些目标共同结合了基因组学和现场方法，以提供有关基因组进化相互作用和物种起源的新颖见解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子和更广泛的影响审查标准来通过评估来评估。