CAREER: What’s salt got to do with it? Linking the variability of mixing to exchange flows in real estuaries

职业：盐与它有什么关系？

• 批准号: 2045866
• 负责人: Lauren Ross
• 金额: $ 60.71万
• 依托单位: University of Maine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-01 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2045866&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; What; salt; got; do

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2). Estuaries are among the most productive ecosystems and maritime commercial centers in the world. In estuaries, the exchange between the ocean and the river water is fundamentally important to the physics and circulation as well as biogeochemical processes such as nutrient fluxes, hypoxia and contaminant transport. This makes the understanding of mixing and exchange flows vital to predicting the impact of anthropogenic change and climate change on estuarine systems and their ecology. The literature of flow exchange in estuaries focuses on partially mixed estuaries or simplified coastal morphometries. Much remains unknown regarding estuaries with complicated topography (irregular bathymetry, convergent width, headlands, and constrictions) over a wide range of stratification conditions. This CAREER project provides an organized pathway for a more comprehensive understanding of land-sea connections and exchange of fresh and salt water, as well as material transport under varied conditions, in varied settings. The PI will document and interpret spatial and temporal variations in mixing and exchange flows in Reloncavi Fjord in Chilean Patagonia (stratified), the Penobscot Estuary on the northeast coast of the USA (partially-mixed to salt-wedge) and the Gironde Estuary on the southwest coast of France (well-mixed to partially-mixed) using in-situ collected data and numerical model simulations. This approach leverages her recent research on the Gironde, Penobscot, and Patagonian Fjords. New knowledge from this CAREER project is an essential building block for better understanding how land-based freshwater flows affect exchange flows, determining timescales for transport of water borne materials such as pollutants, larvae and harmful algal blooms, and will allow for policy makers to use these findings to make science-based decisions. The results of this research will be shared with Maine-eDNA Track 1 EPSCoR researchers to help inform their Thematic Goal of improving surveillance and early warning systems for harmful or shifting taxa as they emerge in coastal waters in the northeast USA. High school citizen scientists will help measure partially mixed estuaries and the PI will work with students and teachers to develop applied mathematics/science lesson plans for grades 9-12. These lessons will highlight differences among the three estuaries, explain simple tidal and volume conservation theory, and introduce data visualization tools. Lesson plans will be shared with high school science and mathematics teachers in Maine, the US and internationally through community presentations, a tri-lingual project website and other outreach mechanisms. Through these activities, the PI will help prepare the future workforce to execute informed policy decisions regarding estuarine and coastal environments. The strategic selection of study areas on three continents will promote place-based and global perspectives, helping all project participants embrace cultural and social diversity in science and engineering education. The PI proposes to amplify a focus on STEM literacy and interest of women, and related recruitment in STEM applied research disciplines as a means of broadening participation in the estuarine science and engineering workforce.The research plan will characterize the along-channel structure of mixing and exchange flows in tidal estuaries of varying stratification. Previous work has shown that the dynamics driving exchange flows and mixing can have unexpected complexity and that tidal, density and wind forcing can be central to their development. However, much of this work has focused on volume averages of mixing and exchange flows or has considered spatial variations of these processes only in partially mixed estuaries. This project will address the gap in knowledge of how spatial and temporal variations in mixing alters exchange flow regimes in estuaries that are not partially-mixed. Spatial and temporal variations of fresh and saltwater mixing defined by the dissipation of salinity variance will be hydrodynamically linked to exchange flows quantified as total exchange flow (TEF) and Eulerian exchange flow (EEF). This coupling will provide a basis for characterization of the estuarine parameter space. This will help estuarine researchers around the world better plan field campaigns and establish appropriate methodologies for understanding mixing and exchange flows in estuaries, and thus material transport.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项的全部或部分资金根据《2021 年美国救援计划法案》（公法 117-2）提供。河口是世界上生产力最高的生态系统和海上商业中心之一。在河口，海洋和河水之间的交换对于物理和循环以及营养物通量、缺氧和污染物输送等生物地球化学过程至关重要。这使得了解混合流和交换流对于预测人为变化和气候变化对河口系统及其生态的影响至关重要。河口流量交换的文献主要关注部分混合河口或简化的海岸形态测量。对于在各种层结条件下具有复杂地形（不规则测深、收敛宽度、岬角和狭窄）的河口，仍有许多未知之处。该职业项目为更全面地了解陆地与海洋的联系、淡水和咸水的交换以及不同条件下、不同环境下的物质运输提供了一条有组织的途径。该项目负责人将记录并解释智利巴塔哥尼亚雷隆卡维峡湾（分层）、美国东北海岸佩诺布斯科特河口（部分混合至盐楔）和吉伦特河口混合和交换流的空间和时间变化。使用现场收集的数据和数值模型模拟法国西南海岸（充分混合到部分混合）。这种方法利用了她最近对吉伦特省、佩诺布斯科特和巴塔哥尼亚峡湾的研究。该职业项目的新知识是一个重要的组成部分，有助于更好地了解陆地淡水流如何影响交换流，确定污染物、幼虫和有害藻华等水性物质运输的时间尺度，并将允许政策制定者使用这些发现可以做出基于科学的决策。这项研究的结果将与 Maine-eDNA Track 1 EPSCoR 研究人员分享，以帮助他们了解其主题目标，即改善美国东北部沿海水域出现的有害或转移类群的监测和预警系统。高中公民科学家将帮助测量部分混合的河口，PI 将与学生和教师合作制定 9-12 年级的应用数学/科学课程计划。这些课程将突出三个河口之间的差异，解释简单的潮汐和体积守恒理论，并介绍数据可视化工具。课程计划将通过社区演示、三语项目网站和其他推广机制与美国缅因州和国际上的高中科学和数学教师分享。通过这些活动，PI 将帮助未来的劳动力做好准备，以执行有关河口和沿海环境的明智政策决策。三大洲研究领域的战略选择将促进基于地方和全球的视角，帮助所有项目参与者拥抱科学和工程教育中的文化和社会多样性。 PI 建议加强对女性 STEM 素养和兴趣的关注，以及 STEM 应用研究学科的相关招聘，作为扩大河口科学和工程劳动力参与的一种手段。该研究计划将描述混合和工程的沿河结构。不同分层的潮汐河口的交换流。先前的研究表明，驱动交换流和混合的动力可能具有意想不到的复杂性，潮汐、密度和风力可能是其发展的核心。然而，这项工作大部分集中在混合和交换流的体积平均值上，或者仅考虑了部分混合河口中这些过程的空间变化。该项目将解决混合的空间和时间变化如何改变非部分混合河口的交换流状况的知识空白。由盐度方差消散定义的淡水和咸水混合的空间和时间变化将在流体动力学上与量化为总交换流（TEF）和欧拉交换流（EEF）的交换流相关。这种耦合将为河口参数空间的表征提供基础。这将帮助世界各地的河口研究人员更好地规划实地活动，并建立适当的方法来了解河口的混合和交换流，从而了解物质运输。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值进行评估，被认为值得支持以及更广泛的影响审查标准。

项目成果

Wind influence on residual circulation in Patagonian channels and fjords

风对巴塔哥尼亚海峡和峡湾残余循环的影响

• DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2022.104905
• 发表时间: 2023-02
• 期刊: Continental Shelf Research
• 影响因子: 2.3
• 作者: Soto;Pinilla, Elias;Ross, Lauren
• 通讯作者: Ross, Lauren