RESEARCH-PGR: Developing novel strategies to enhance the tolerance of crops to a combination of drought and heat stress.

研究-植物遗传资源：制定新策略来增强作物对干旱和热胁迫的耐受性。

基本信息

批准号：
2110017
负责人：
Ron Mittler
金额：
$ 112万
依托单位：
University of Missouri-Columbia
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-06-01 至 2025-05-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2110017&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
RESEARCH PGR Developing novel strategies

项目摘要

Heat waves occurring during periods of drought stress have a devastating impact on agricultural production and yield. A combination of drought and heat stress occurring during the summers of 1980, 1988, 2000, 2003 and 2008, for example, resulted in yield losses estimated in 33, 44, 7.6, 7 and 8.6 billion dollars, respectively. Because episodes of drought and heat stress are expected to increase in intensity and frequency in the coming years, due to the largely unopposed process of global warming and its consequential impacts on climate change, breeding crops for enhanced tolerance to a combination of drought and heat stress is of the utmost importance for modern agriculture and food sustainability. Crucial for yield loss during episodes of drought and heat stress are processes such as flowering and fertilization that are especially sensitive to these conditions, as well as highly important for yield production in almost all cereals and legumes. In this project the focus is on the impact of heat, drought, and drought and heat combination on flowering, fertilization, and seed production of soybean. Using a combination of experimental tools, genes and proteins that are essential for enhancing the tolerance of soybean to these stressful conditions will be identified. These proteins and genes will enable breeders to develop new genotypes that will resist the harsh conditions of our current and future environment and ensure a secure and sustainable soybean seed production for years to come.A combination of drought and heat stress occurring during the reproductive growth phase of many different crops, such as soybean, corn, rice, and wheat, has a devastating impact on yield. In soybean, a considerable effort has been made to develop genotypes with enhanced yield production under conditions of drought or heat stress. However, how these genotypes perform under conditions of drought and heat stress combination is mostly unknown. Moreover, although past research has focused on the impact of abiotic stress on pollen viability, recent findings reveal that the combination of drought and heat stress has a unique impact on reproductive processes that occur post pollen germination. Here, it is proposed to utilize a unique collection of soybean genotypes with altered seed production under conditions of drought or heat stress conditions to identify genes and gene networks impacting seed production under a combination of drought and heat stress. Using a combination of field and growth chamber studies focused on the effect of drought and heat stress combination on reproductive tissues and yield of different soybean genotypes, coupled with microdissection techniques, RNA sequencing and machine learning-driven network analysis tools, genes and gene networks that impact reproductive processes under conditions of stress combination will be identified. The function of these genes/gene networks will be validated by genetically modifying their expression in transgenic soybean plants with the overall goal of enhancing yield of soybean plants grown under conditions of drought and heat stress combination.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

干旱胁迫期间发生的热浪对农业生产和产量具有毁灭性影响。例如，1980 年、1988 年、2000 年、2003 年和 2008 年夏季发生的干旱和热胁迫造成的产量损失估计分别为 33、44、7.6、7 和 86 亿美元。由于全球变暖的过程及其对气候变化的影响，预计未来几年干旱和热应激事件的强度和频率将增加，因此需要培育作物以增强对干旱和热应激的耐受性对于现代农业和粮食可持续性至关重要。干旱和热应激期间对产量损失至关重要的是开花和受精等过程，这些过程对这些条件特别敏感，并且对几乎所有谷物和豆类的产量生产都非常重要。该项目的重点是高温、干旱以及干旱和高温组合对大豆开花、受精和种子生产的影响。使用实验工具的组合，将鉴定对于增强大豆对这些应激条件的耐受性所必需的基因和蛋白质。这些蛋白质和基因将使育种者能够开发新的基因型，以抵抗我们当前和未来环境的恶劣条件，并确保未来几年安全和可持续的大豆种子生产。生殖生长阶段发生的干旱和热应激的组合大豆、玉米、水稻和小麦等许多不同作物的减产对产量产生了毁灭性影响。在大豆方面，人们付出了相当大的努力来开发在干旱或热胁迫条件下提高产量的基因型。然而，这些基因型在干旱和热应激组合条件下的表现大多未知。此外，尽管过去的研究重点是非生物胁迫对花粉活力的影响，但最近的研究结果表明，干旱和热胁迫的结合对花粉萌发后发生的繁殖过程具有独特的影响。在此，建议利用在干旱或热胁迫条件下种子产量发生改变的大豆基因型的独特集合来鉴定在干旱和热胁迫组合下影响种子产量的基因和基因网络。结合田间和生长室研究，重点关注干旱和热胁迫组合对不同大豆基因型生殖组织和产量的影响，并结合显微切割技术、RNA测序和机器学习驱动的网络分析工具、基因和基因网络，将确定胁迫组合条件下对生殖过程的影响。这些基因/基因网络的功能将通过对转基因大豆植物中的表达进行基因修饰来验证，总体目标是提高在干旱和热胁迫组合条件下生长的大豆植物的产量。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并被视为值得通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。