Constraining Type Ia Supernova Progenitors via their Environments

通过环境限制 Ia 型超新星祖细胞

• 批准号: 2107070
• 负责人: Laura Chomiuk
• 金额: $ 45.92万
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2107070&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Constraining; Type; Ia; Supernova; Progenitors; Constraining; Type; Ia; Supernova; Progenitors

Supernovae (SNe), or stellar explosions, are important astronomical events for many reasons: they produce and distribute heavy atomic elements into the galaxy, and they can be used as indicators of distances to far-away galaxies, which is vital for studying cosmology. One of the major unsolved problems in supernova science is the nature of the progenitor of the explosion. A research group at Michigan State University (MSU) will attempt to better understand SNe by investigating the circumstellar medium (CSM) around supernovae. The CSM records the history of mass-loss in the millennia prior to explosion, and therefore is a key to determining SN progenitors. The investigators will focus on detecting atomic line emission at ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths associated with the interaction shock from SN ejecta impacting a CSM shell. They will use UV image archival databases and interpret derived fluxes in the context of published shell-interaction models. As part of the project, the researchers will work with the Charles Drew Science Scholars program at MSU and the National Astronomy Consortium to involve undergraduate students from diverse backgrounds in summer and academic year research in supernova science.For Type Ia SNe, the CSM can reveal the identity of the mass-donor companion, which reveals the physics of both the binary interaction and supernova explosion. The single-degenerate (main sequence/red giant companion) and double-degenerate (white dwarf companion) channels are two dominant progenitor hypotheses. In recent years, SNe Ia have been discovered with detached shells of CSM that the ejecta impact months or years after explosion (i.e., delayed interaction). The origin of this material is unknown, but there are two likely possibilities which can distinguish between progenitor channels. In the single-degenerate channel, a SN may be preceded by multiple nova eruptions, which can form sub-solar-mass shells—while in the double-degenerate channel, a common envelope is expelled before the SN, forming a few-solar-mass shell. The investigators will search for more examples of delayed-interaction SNe Ia and use an appropriate theoretical framework to determine the range of properties of detached CSM shells. They will interpret derived fluxes in the context of published shell-interaction models, and will calculate the UV and optical emission line signals from the models to produce a grid of light curves whose luminosity and duration depend on the CSM mass, radius, extent, and geometry. By comparing these simulated light curves to data, they will calculate the probability of SNe Ia hosting CSM shells across a range of CSM properties. This will provide the most stringent constraints on the presence and properties of CSM shells around SNe Ia to date, and provide a rigorous test of the hypothesis that SNe Ia can occur while the ejected common envelope is still in the system.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

超新星（SNE）或恒星爆炸是重要的天文事件，原因是许多原因：它们将大量的原子元素产生并分布到银河系中，可以用作遥远星系距离的指标，这对于研究宇宙学至关重要。超新星科学中的主要未解决问题之一是爆炸祖先的本质。密歇根州立大学（MSU）的一个研究小组将尝试通过调查超新星周围的Internelar培养基（CSM）来更好地理解SNE。 CSM在爆炸之前记录了千年的大规模损失历史，因此是确定SN祖细胞的关键。研究人员将专注于检测与影响CSM壳的SN射流相关的紫外线（UV）波长的原子线发射。他们将使用UV图像档案数据库，并在已发布的Shell-Interaction模型的上下文中解释派生的通量。作为该项目的一部分，研究人员将与MSU的Charles Drew Science学者计划和国家天文学联盟合作，涉及来自夏季和学年Supernova Science的来自潜水员背景的本科生。对于IA SNE型，CSM可以揭示大众群体的认同，从而揭示了Barinary Interlaction和Suppernov的物理学的认同。单降级（主序列/红色巨型伴侣）和双层（白矮人伴侣）通道是两个主要的祖细胞假设。近年来，已经发现了SNE IA的CSM壳壳被发现，即射出爆炸后数月或几年（即延迟相互作用）。该材料的起源未知，但是有两种可能性可以区分祖细胞通道。在单偏频道中，SN可能会在多个Nova喷发之前，它们可能形成亚 - 质量壳壳（在双层通道中），在SN形成几个 - 极质量的壳之前，探索了一个共同的信封。研究人员将搜索更多延迟相互作用的示例，并使用适当的理论框架来确定分离的CSM壳的性质范围。他们将在已发表的壳相互作用模型的背景下解释派生的通量，并将计算紫外线和光学排放。来自模型的线信号产生光曲线网格，其光度和持续时间取决于CSM质量，半径，范围和几何形状。通过将这些模拟的光曲线与数据进行比较，它们将计算在一系列CSM属性范围内托管CSM壳的概率。这将为迄今为止SNE IA周围的CSM外壳的存在和特性提供最严格的限制，并对在系统中弹出共同的包络时可能会发生SNNE IA可能发生的假设进行严格的测试。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基础的智力效果评估了NSF的法定任务，并通过评估诚实地进行了支持。