Framework: An A+ Framework for Multimessenger Astrophysics Discoveries through Real-Time Gravitational Wave Detection

框架：通过实时引力波探测进行多信使天体物理学发现的框架

• 批准号: 2103662
• 负责人: Chad Hanna
• 金额: $ 339.75万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-06-01 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2103662&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Framework; A+; Multimessenger; Astrophysics; Discoveries

The first direct detection of ripples in space, known as gravitational waves, by the NSF-funded LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory) project in 2015 opened a new window on the universe and provided an unprecedented ability to study distant astronomical phenomena that could otherwise not be seen with conventional telescopes. The subsequent 2017 detection of merging neutron stars, through gravitational waves with LIGO combined with the light detected by conventional telescopes, opened a new era whereby scientists hope to routinely study the universe using information analogous to both sight and sound. This project will directly enable future detections of gravitational waves through the development of robust signal processing software and an ecosystem of cyberinfrastructure services designed to analyze LIGO data in real time. The program will involve a diverse group of undergraduate students, graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, computational scientists, and faculty in transformative science. This work contributes to the national cyberinfrastructure as a core data-producing component for astronomy and will be relied upon by thousands of scientists globally as they progress the state of knowledge through the study of black holes, neutron stars, fundamental physics, and the evolution of the Universe.With the goal of making new coincident gravitational-wave and electromagnetic observations commonplace, this project targets the development of a software framework for the real-time discovery of gravitational waves with the world-wide network of gravitational-wave detectors including LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA. With this project, the investigators intend to provide a sustainable community-driven framework supporting current gravitational-wave detectors while developing new infrastructure for the LIGO A+ upgrade in about 2025. The team will develop a real-time gravitational wave processing framework around the following themes: 1) accelerating the pace of discovery and dissemination of results, 2) advancing the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence in production gravitational-wave astronomy, 3) improving scientific robustness and reproducibility, and 4) increasing adoption of the developed software and services. The framework will be used to create libraries, applications and services for real-time calibrated strain data, real-time data quality information and a quick-response gravitational-wave search for merging neutron stars and black holes, all of which will culminate in daily gravitational-wave discoveries released publicly. This framework will contribute gravitational-wave discovery services operating in a high-availability mode with the goal of greater than 99% uptime. A host of scientific metrics will be developed into a real-time test infrastructure to ensure that gravitational-wave alerts are accurate and robust throughout software development and release cycles. This research will have a far-reaching impact on several scientific disciplines with new gravitational-wave and multi-messenger astrophysics discoveries and it will impact society through a gradual change in the shared knowledge about the universe. Beyond these general societal impacts, the project personnel intend to directly weave training and participation broadening activities into their research through 1) training and broadening participation in the research community via quarterly workshops, 2) providing professional development opportunities for the project personnel through training seminars, and 3) engaging and educating the next generation of scientists in the geographic community with a summer school for high school students.This award by the Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure is jointly supported by the Windows on the Universe NSF Big Idea program, the Physics at the Information Frontier (PIF) program in the Division of Physics (PHY), and the Division of Astronomical Sciences (AST).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

2015 年，美国国家科学基金会 (NSF) 资助的 LIGO（激光干涉仪引力波天文台）项目首次直接探测到太空中的涟漪，即引力波，打开了一扇了解宇宙的新窗口，并提供了前所未有的研究遥远天文现象的能力否则用传统望远镜是看不到的。随后的 2017 年，通过 LIGO 的引力波与传统望远镜探测到的光相结合，探测到了合并中子星，开启了一个新时代，科学家们希望利用类似于视觉和声音的信息来常规研究宇宙。该项目将通过开发强大的信号处理软件和旨在实时分析 LIGO 数据的网络基础设施服务生态系统，直接实现未来的引力波探测。该项目将涉及多元化的本科生、研究生、博士后研究人员、计算科学家和变革科学领域的教师。这项工作有助于国家网络基础设施成为天文学的核心数据生成组件，并将受到全球数千名科学家的依赖，因为他们通过研究黑洞、中子星、基础物理和宇宙演化来提高知识水平。为了使新的重合引力波和电磁观测变得普遍，该项目的目标是开发一个软件框架，用于通过全球引力波探测器网络实时发现引力波包括 LIGO、Virgo 和 KAGRA。通过这个项目，研究人员打算提供一个可持续的社区驱动框架，支持当前的引力波探测器，同时为 2025 年左右的 LIGO A+ 升级开发新的基础设施。该团队将围绕以下主题开发实时引力波处理框架：1）加快发现和传播成果的步伐，2）推进机器学习和人工智能在引力波天文学生产中的使用，3）提高科学的稳健性和可重复性，以及4）越来越多地采用开发的软件和服务。该框架将用于创建实时校准应变数据、实时数据质量信息以及合并中子星和黑洞的快速响应引力波搜索的库、应用程序和服务，所有这些都将在每天完成公开发布引力波发现。该框架将提供以高可用性模式运行的引力波发现服务，目标是正常运行时间超过 99%。许多科学指标将被开发成实时测试基础设施，以确保引力波警报在整个软件开发和发布周期中准确且稳健。 这项研究将通过新的引力波和多信使天体物理学发现对多个科学学科产生深远的影响，并将通过关于宇宙的共享知识的逐步改变来影响社会。除了这些一般社会影响之外，项目人员还打算通过以下方式将培训和扩大参与活动直接融入到他们的研究中：1）通过季度研讨会培训和扩大研究界的参与，2）通过培训研讨会为项目人员提供专业发展机会， 3) 通过为高中生举办暑期学校来吸引和教育地理界的下一代科学家。该奖项由高级网络基础设施办公室颁发，并得到了 NSF Big Idea 宇宙之窗项目、美国国家科学基金会物理研究所的联合支持物理部 (PHY) 和天文科学部 (AST) 的信息前沿 (PIF) 项目。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查进行评估，被认为值得支持标准。

项目成果

Improving LIGO calibration accuracy by using time-dependent filters to compensate for temporal variations

通过使用瞬态滤波器补偿时间变化来提高 LIGO 校准精度

• DOI: 10.1088/1361-6382/acabf6
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Classical and Quantum Gravity
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Wade, M;Viets, A D;Chmiel, T;Stover, M;Wade, L
• 通讯作者: Wade, L

Bayesian parameter estimation for targeted anisotropic gravitational-wave background

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.107.023024
• 发表时间: 2022-08
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Leo Tsukada;S. Jaraba;D. Agarwal;E. Floden

Observation of Gravitational Waves from Two Neutron Star-Black Hole Coalescences

• DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac082e
• 发表时间: 2021-07-01
• 期刊: ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
• 影响因子: 7.9
• 作者: Abbott, R.;Abbott, T. D.;Zweizig, J.
• 通讯作者: Zweizig, J.

Metric assisted stochastic sampling search for gravitational waves from binary black hole mergers

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.084033
• 发表时间: 2021-10
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: C. Hanna;P. Joshi;R. Huxford;K. Cannon;S. Caudill;C. Chan;B. Cousins;J. Creighton;B. Ewing;Miguel Fernandez;H. Fong;P. Godwin;R. Magee;D. Meacher;C. Messick;S. Morisaki;D. Mukherjee;H. Ohta;A. Pace;S. Privitera;S. Sachdev;S. Sakon;Divya Singh;R. Tapia;L. Tsukada;D. Tsuna;T. Tsutsui;K. Ueno;A. Viets;L. Wade;M. Wade;Jonathan Wang