Assessing Urban Post-Earthquake Community Recovery to Inform Pre-Disaster Planning

评估城市震后社区恢复情况，为灾前规划提供信息

基本信息

批准号：
2053014
负责人：
Jack Baker
金额：
$ 30.94万
依托单位：
Stanford University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-11-01 至 2025-10-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2053014&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Assessing Urban Post Earthquake Community

项目摘要

Significant effort has been devoted to predicting physical damage to the built environment from disasters, but much less is understood about simulating disaster recovery, and how mitigation actions influence recovery. Further, it is well understood that there are existing socioeconomic inequalities in disaster risk and resilience. This Disaster Resilience Research Grants (DRRG) project aims to develop models to simulate housing and business operations recovery after a disaster. New insights will be gained into how a community's physical/demographic/economic characteristics interact in the recovery process. The models will be used to quantify a region's current ability to recover from disaster and evaluate the efficacy of actions that could be taken before disasters occur. Given the enormous costs of post-disaster disruption, and the significant resources committed for mitigation, insights on improving recovery will significantly benefit society, by improving disaster resilience and efficiently allocating limited societal resources to promote equity. Programs to involve underrepresented researchers, engage with city planners, and publicly release the modeling software will also contribute to the broader impacts of this work.This project will develop a new generation of high-resolution computational simulation tools for disaster recovery simulation, to support enhanced and more equitable housing recovery. High-resolution simulations of the built, natural, and human environment (including household and company behavior) will be combined with mechanisms to quantify the benefits of resilience-enhancing policies. The housing recovery will be jointly simulated with the recovery of infrastructure and businesses, constrained by the availability of resources and affected by socioeconomic factors. The recovery process of individual households will be simulated, providing great flexibility in examining results and assessing the benefits for different groups of resilience-enhancing policies. This work will enable a holistic understanding of the community recovery process after earthquakes. The research will advance our capabilities to assess, before a disaster, the extent to which disaster preparedness interventions can reduce initial disaster consequences, speed recovery, and ensure that all groups participate in the benefits. This project's deliverables will be a modeling framework for assessing post-earthquake recovery and case-study analysis of recovery in San Francisco.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

大量的努力致力于预测灾难对建筑环境的物理损害，但是关于模拟灾难恢复以及缓解措施如何影响恢复的理解更少。此外，众所周知，灾害风险和韧性存在现有的社会经济不平等现象。这项灾难弹性研究补助金（DRRG）项目旨在开发模型，以模拟灾难后的住房和业务运营恢复。新见解将获得社区的身体/人口/经济特征在恢复过程中的相互作用。这些模型将用于量化地区当前从灾难中恢复的能力，并评估在灾难发生之前可能采取的行动的功效。鉴于灾后破坏的巨大成本以及用于缓解的大量资源，改善恢复的见解将通过改善灾难的抵御能力并有效地分配有限的社会资源来促进公平，从而使社会受益匪浅。涉及代表性不足的研究人员，与城市规划人员互动并公开发布建模软件的计划也将有助于这项工作的更广泛影响。该项目将开发新一代的高分辨率计算模拟工具，用于灾难恢复模拟，以支持增强和更公平的住房恢复。对建筑，自然和人类环境（包括家庭和公司行为）的高分辨率模拟将与量化增强弹性政策的好处的机制相结合。住房回收将与基础设施和企业的恢复共同模拟，受到资源的可用性和受社会经济因素影响的约束。将模拟各个家庭的恢复过程，在检查结果并评估不同弹性增强政策的收益方面提供了极大的灵活性。这项工作将使地震后对社区恢复过程有整体理解。这项研究将提高我们在灾难之前评估灾难准备干预措施的程度，可以减少最初的灾难后果，加快恢复速度并确保所有群体参与福利的程度。该项目的可交付成果将是一个建模框架，用于评估旧金山恢复后回收后的恢复后案例研究分析。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响来通过评估来获得支持的审查标准。