Collaborative Research: Sources and transformations of export production: A novel 50-year record of pelagic-benthic coupling from coral and plankton bioarchives

合作研究：出口生产的来源和转变：来自珊瑚和浮游生物生物档案的中上层-底栖耦合的 50 年新记录

• 批准号: 2049307
• 负责人: Kelton McMahon
• 金额: $ 73.91万
• 依托单位: University of Rhode Island
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-03-01 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2049307&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Sources; transformations; export

Changes in ocean life, the environment, and the climate can influence the timing and composition of biological material that sinks to the sea floor. As this material sinks it is consumed by bottom-dwelling organisms such as deep-sea corals. Similar to tree rings, corals preserve a history of growth embedded in their skeletons, which can be analyzed using a new technique called microgeochemistry. This project is compiling a historic dataset from deep-sea corals spanning 50 years in the Gulf of Maine to understand how biological material sinking to the bottom has changed with time. Results from the coral analysis are being compared with archival samples of small planktonic crustaceans, copepods, to better understand the connection between productivity in the surface waters and the geochemical record in the coral tissue. A complementary modeling approach is identifying environmental and climatic drivers of decadal-scale oceanographic change with the sources and transformations of organic matter that connect the surface and the deep ocean. This cross-disciplinary project is unifying transformational research with broader impacts focused on science education and outreach that broaden the understanding of the links between climate, oceanography, and marine ecosystem response using a 50-year historical context. Two open access, media-enhanced, and National curriculum standards-aligned educational lessons plans are being developed through partnerships with a science documentary filmmaker, K-12 teachers from RI and ME, and the PBS LearningMedia Program. The topics of these lesson plans are: 1) Deep-sea exploration: A window into the past and future, and 2) Changing food webs on a changing planet. The project’s educational goals include training of three graduate students, career development of five early career researchers, and research experiences for undergraduates from underrepresented groups in STEM. The multi-faceted research and education effort is addressing a question described as highest priority in the Ocean Sciences by the National Research Council: How are ocean biogeochemical and physical processes linked to today’s climate variability and its variability? Pelagic-benthic coupling regulates ocean production and food webs dynamics, biogeochemical cycling, and climate feedback mechanisms through the export of surface production to the ocean interior. Yet access to long-term data sets of export production are scarce and urgently needed to test assumptions about 1) the sources and transformations of organic matter through different food web pathways, and 2) the variability of these processes across climatic, oceanographic, and ecological changes through time. The proposed work is testing key hypotheses about bottom-up mechanisms that link decadal-scale oceanographic changes in hydrography and biogeochemical cycling with phytoplankton community composition, zooplankton abundance and trophic dynamics, and the resulting composition of export production. Complementary approaches are generating multiple and independent 50+ year, annually resolved time series of phytoplankton community composition, zooplankton trophic dynamics, and export composition. Coral tissue and archived zooplankton samples are being analyzed using pioneering molecular geochemistry approaches to assess changes in diet related variation in primary production. Deep-sea corals are being collected using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), and zooplankton are available through archival samples from a Gulf of Maine long-term monitoring program managed by NOAA. The stable isotope data are being integrated with additional data from existing long-standing ocean monitoring programs and incorporated into a unifying modeling approach to identify unique ecosystem states and their environmental drivers. The project is focused on Jordan Basin in the Gulf of Maine, which has a long history of oceanographic study and is experiencing significant changes due to climate warming, making it an ideal natural laboratory for testing hypotheses on drivers of change in the composition of exported organic matter, and the relative importance of primary (e.g., phyto-detritus) vs. secondary production (e.g., copepod fecal pellets), and large vs. small pelagic plankton dynamics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

海洋生物、环境和气候的变化会影响生物物质沉入海底的时间和成分。当这些物质沉入海底时，它会被深海珊瑚等海底生物所消耗。珊瑚在其骨骼中保留了生长历史，可以使用一种称为微观地球化学的新技术进行分析。该项目正在从缅因湾的深海珊瑚中收集 50 年的历史数据集，以了解生物物质如何变化。珊瑚分析的结果与小型浮游甲壳动物、桡足类的档案样本进行比较，以更好地了解地表水域的生产力与珊瑚组织的地球化学记录之间的联系。该方法正在确定十年尺度海洋变化的环境和气候驱动因素以及连接表层和深海的有机物的来源和转化。这个跨学科项目正在将变革性研究与更广泛的影响结合起来，重点关注科学教育和推广。正在通过与科学纪录片制片人合作制定两个开放获取、媒体增强且符合国家课程标准的教育课程计划，以了解气候、海洋学和海洋生态系统响应之间的联系。来自 RI 和 ME 以及 PBS LearningMedia 计划的 K-12 教师的主题是：1）深海探索：了解过去和未来的窗口，以及 2）改变地球上的食物网。教育目标包括培养三名研究生、五名早期职业研究人员的职业发展，以及为 STEM 中代表性不足的群体的本科生提供研究经验。多方面的研究和教育工作正在解决海洋科学领域最优先考虑的问题。国家研究委员会：海洋生物地球化学和物理过程如何与当今的气候变化及其变化联系起来，通过将地表生产输出到海洋来调节海洋生产和食物网动态、生物地球化学循环和气候反馈机制？然而，出口生产的长期数据集很少，迫切需要测试以下假设：1）有机物质通过不同食物网路径的来源和转化，2）这些过程在气候、海洋学方面的变化。以及随着时间的推移而发生的生态变化，正在测试有关自下而上机制的关键假设，这些假设将水文学和生物地球化学循环的十年尺度海洋学变化与浮游植物群落组成、浮游动物丰度和营养动态联系起来，以及由此产生的出口生产组成正在生成多个独立的 50 多年、每年解析的浮游植物群落组成、浮游动物营养动态和出口组成的时间序列，并使用开创性的分子地球化学方法进行分析。评估初级生产中与饮食相关的变化，正在使用遥控潜水器（ROV）收集深海珊瑚，并通过来自海湾的档案样本获得浮游动物。由 NOAA 管理的缅因州长期监测计划正在将稳定同位素数据与现有长期海洋监测计划的附加数据相结合，并纳入统一的建模方法中，以识别独特的生态系统状态及其环境驱动因素。缅因湾的约旦盆地有着悠久的海洋学研究历史，并且由于气候变暖正在经历显着的变化，使其成为测试出口有机物成分变化驱动因素假设的理想天然实验室，以及相对主要的重要性（例如，植物碎屑）与二次生产（例如桡足类粪便颗粒），以及大型与小型中上层浮游生物动态。该奖项授予 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Using Isoscapes to Track Seasonal Shifts in Biogeochemical Cycling in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean

使用等景观追踪西北大西洋生物地球化学循环的季节变化

• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Ocean Sciences Meeting
• 作者: Ferraro, Roman;Moore, Rhiannon;Agvent, Lindsay;Nowakowski, Catherine;McMahon, Kelton W
• 通讯作者: McMahon, Kelton W

Insights from Fossil-Bound Nitrogen Isotopes in Diatoms, Foraminifera, and Corals

• DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-032122-104001
• 发表时间: 2023-01-01
• 期刊: ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 17.3
• 作者: Robinson，Rebecca S.;Smart，Sandi M.;Nowakowski，Catherine
• 通讯作者: Nowakowski，Catherine

Testing the Ontogenetic Migration Hypothesis in the emerging Rhode Island Jonah crab (Cancer borealis) fishery using stable isotope analysis

使用稳定同位素分析测试新兴罗德岛乔纳蟹（北极蟹）渔业的个体发生迁移假说

• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Ocean Sciences Meeting
• 作者: Agvent, Lindsay;Truesdale, Corinne;Piccone, Sofia;McMahon, Kelton W
• 通讯作者: McMahon, Kelton W

Amino acid carbon isotope fingerprints are unique among eukaryotic microalgal taxonomic groups

氨基酸碳同位素指纹在真核微藻分类群中是独特的

• DOI: 10.1002/lno.12350
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Limnology and Oceanography
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: Stahl, Angela R.;Rynearson, Tatiana A.;McMahon, Kelton W.
• 通讯作者: McMahon, Kelton W.

Multidecadal molecular isotope records of pelagic plankton bioarchives and deep-sea corals indicated strong pelagic-benthic coupling through microbial pathways in the Gulf of Maine

中上层浮游生物档案和深海珊瑚的数十年分子同位素记录表明，缅因湾通过微生物途径存在强烈的中上层-底栖耦合

• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Ocean Sciences Meeting
• 作者: Nowkowski, Catherine;Stamieszkin, Karen;Sherwood, Owen;McMahon, Kelton W
• 通讯作者: McMahon, Kelton W