CAREER: The Evolution of Super-Hydrous Magmas in the Earth's Crust

职业：地壳中超含水岩浆的演化

• 批准号: 2047960
• 负责人: Michael Krawczynski
• 金额: $ 56.72万
• 依托单位: Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-07-01 至 2026-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2047960&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Evolution; Super; Hydrous; Magmas

Petrology and geochemistry are cornerstones of geology and the study of Earth systems and processes. Experimental studies have often been the necessary component for advances in understanding plate tectonics and subduction zones in particular. This proposal describes an integrated research and teaching program with foundations in experimental petrology, thermodynamics, and volcanology, to advance the understanding of how volcanoes work, how water affects the evolution of volcanoes and their behavior, while providing new hands-on teaching tools to generate excitement for future petrologists currently at the graduate, undergraduate or high school level. In particular, this proposal will study the eruptive products from the most explosively active volcano in the world. The research proposed here is an experimental and geochemical study primarily designed to use amphibole chemistry to quantify pre-eruptive water contents in super-hydrous arc magmas at deep crustal and upper mantle conditions. This study consists of 3 broad research tasks that will form the foundation of a new paradigm for understanding volatile flux and recycling in the Earth, and an education plan that will develop new ways of bringing technology and teaching petrology together in the classroom. This project will undertake four interrelated tasks aimed at studying the pre-eruption dynamics of magma storage and evolution in the most magmatically productive volcanic area of the world and focuses specifically on geochemistry related to super-hydrous magmas. Experiments are to be executed with the broad goal of bridging the gap in our knowledge about magmatic water contents between the termination of hydrous flux melting, and the trapping of melt inclusions and crystallization of plagioclase in the shallow crust. Experimental studies will explore the geochemical evolution of hydrous magmas and make the first quantitative measurements on hydrogen, fluorine, and chlorine partitioning in amphibole at lower crustal conditions. Measuring the H contents in amphiboles will provide immense geologic value only if we can account for the intensive and extensive variables that control the geochemical partitioning between melt and crystal, and the dehydrogenation of amphibole. Amphibole synthesis experiments at controlled P, T, XH2O and fO2 will be conducted. Results will be incorporated into databases such as LEPR and be available to incorporate into important community thermodynamic models such as MELTS and its successor ENKI. Currently, amphibole is the only major phase not included in these modeling algorithms, highlighting the importance of general experimental studies on this mineral. There is a paucity of hydrous experiments at lower crustal pressures in the literature and these experiments will help to fill that gap. This study will be expanding our current knowledge of the stability of amphibole, an important phase in Earth's crust, but one without a low-pressure stability field so it has often gone under-appreciated in its role in producing geochemical trends at arcs.Through the CAREER program, the PI will develop new teaching and outreach tools that will improve the way ternary phase diagrams are taught in petrology classes, as well as produce 3D models of volcanoes that can be used for virtual field trips and volcanology outreach. The objectives of this effort are to: 1. Create hands-on methods for teaching petrology and volcanology to undergraduate students, to improve understanding and retention. 2. Create pathways to generate excitement in these subjects among undergraduates by making the new visualizations available for distribution to other undergraduate institutions. To achieve these goals a plan will be implemented that includes software development, curriculumdevelopment, and distribution of 3D renderings to the AR app platform.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

岩石学和地球化学是地质的基石以及地球系统和过程的研究。实验研究通常是理解板块构造和俯冲带的进展的必要组成部分。 该提案描述了一项综合研究和教学计划，其实验性质学，热力学和火山学的基础，以促进对火山的工作方式的理解，水如何影响火山的演变及其行为的演变，同时提供新的动手教学工具，从而为目前的毕业生，毕业生或高中层面为未来的养殖者提供兴奋。特别是，该提案将研究来自世界上最具爆炸物的火山的喷发产品。 这里提出的研究是一项实验性和地球化学研究，主要旨在使用闪石化学来量化在深层地壳和上层地幔条件下超干燥弧岩浆中的喷发前水含量。这项研究由3项广泛的研究任务组成，这些任务将构成一个新的范式，以理解地球上挥发性的通量和回收利用，以及一项教育计划，该计划将开发新的方法，将技术和教学岩石学在课堂上融合在一起。该项目将承担四个相互关联的任务，旨在研究世界上最有生产力的火山区域中岩浆存储和进化的爆发动力学，并专门针对与超级水合岩浆有关的地球化学。实验应以广泛的目标进行实验，即在我们了解降解液压通量熔体之间的岩浆水含量，熔融夹杂物的捕获和斜长石中的结晶之间的差距中弥合差距。实验研究将探索含水岩浆的地球化学演化，并在较低的地壳条件下对闪石的氢，氟和氯分配进行首次定量测量。仅当我们可以考虑控制熔体和晶体之间地球化学分配的密集和广泛的变量以及闪石的脱氢作用时，测量闪石中的H含量才能提供巨大的地质价值。将在受控的P，T，XH2O和FO2进行的两栖圆向合成实验。结果将纳入LEPR等数据库中，并可以纳入重要的社区热力学模型，例如熔体及其后继ENKI。目前，闪石是这些建模算法中未包括的唯一主要阶段，强调了对该矿物的一般实验研究的重要性。在文献中，在下层压力下的含水实验很少，这些实验将有助于填补这一空白。 This study will be expanding our current knowledge of the stability of amphibole, an important phase in Earth's crust, but one without a low-pressure stability field so it has often gone under-appreciated in its role in producing geochemical trends at arcs.Through the CAREER program, the PI will develop new teaching and outreach tools that will improve the way ternary phase diagrams are taught in petrology classes, as well as produce 3D models of volcanoes that can用于虚拟实地考察和火山学宣传。这项工作的目标是：1。创建动手方法，以教授岩石学和火山学为本科生，以提高理解和保留。 2。通过使新的可视化措施可用于向其他本科机构分发，从而在本科生中创建兴奋的途径。为了实现这些目标，将实施一个计划，其中包括软件开发，课程开发以及将3D渲染分配到AR App平台上。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子的评估和更广泛的影响来通过评估来支持的。