CAREER: Coastal Antarctic Snow Algae and Light Absorbing Particles: Snowmelt, Climate and Ecosystem Impacts

职业：南极沿海雪藻和光吸收颗粒：融雪、气候和生态系统影响

基本信息

批准号：
2046240
负责人：
Alia Khan
金额：
$ 122.84万
依托单位：
Western Washington University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-01-01 至 2027-12-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2046240&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER Coastal Antarctic Snow Algae

项目摘要

________________________________________________________________________________________________Part I: Non-technical SummaryThe Antarctic Peninsula is one of the most rapidly warming regions on the planet. This 5-yr time-series program will build on an ongoing international collaboration with scientists from the Chilean Antarctic Program to evaluate the role of temperature, light absorbing particles, snow-algae growth, and their radiative forcing effects on snow and ice melt in the Western Antarctic Peninsula. There is strong evidence that these effects may be intensifying due to a warming climate. Rising temperatures can increase the growth rate of coastal snow algae as well as enhance the input of particles from sources such as the long-range transport of black carbon to the Antarctic continent from intensifying Southern Hemisphere wildfire seasons. Particle and algae feedbacks can have immediate local impacts on snow melt and long-term regional impacts on climate because reduced snow cover alters how the Antarctic continent interacts with the rest of the global climate. A variety of ground-based and remote sensing data collected across multiple spatial scales will be used. Ground measurements will be compared to satellite imagery to develop novel computer algorithms to map ice algal bloom effects under changing climates. The project is expected to fundamentally advance knowledge of the spatial and temporal snow algae growing season, which is needed to quantify impacts on regional snow and ice melt. The program also has a strong partnership with the International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators to involve cruise passengers as citizen scientists for sample collection. Antarctic research results will be integrated into undergraduate curricula and research opportunities through studies to LAPs and snow algae in the Pacific Northwest. The PI will recruit and train a diverse pool of students in cryosphere climate related research methods on Mt. Baker in Western Washington. Trained undergraduate will then serve as instructors for a local Snow School that takes middle school students to Mt. Baker to learn about snow science. Resulting datasets from Antarctica and Mt. Baker will be used in University classes to explore regional effects of climate change. Along with enhancing cryosphere-oriented place-based undergraduate field courses in the Pacific Northwest, the PI will recruit and train a diverse pool of undergraduate students to serve as instructors for the Mt. Baker Snow School program. This award will advance our understanding of cryosphere-climate feedbacks, which are likely changing and will continue to evolve in a warming world, while also increasing under-represented student engagement in the polar geosciences. Part 2: Technical Summary Rapid and persistent climate warming in the Western Antarctic Peninsula is likely resulting in intensified snow-algae growth and an extended bloom season in coastal areas. Similarly, deposition of light absorbing particles (LAPs) onto Antarctica cryosphere surfaces, such as black carbon from intensifying Southern Hemisphere wildfire seasons, and dust from the expansion of ice-free regions in the Antarctic Peninsula, may be increasing. The presence of snow algae blooms and LAPs enhance the absorption of solar radiation by snow and ice surfaces. This positive feedback creates a measurable radiative forcing, which can have immediate local and long-term regional impacts on albedo, snow melt and downstream ecosystems. This project will investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of snow algae, black carbon and dust across the Western Antarctica Peninsula region, their response to climate warming, and their role in regional snow and ice melt. Data will be collected across multiple spatial scales from in situ field measurements and sample collection to imagery from ground-based photos and high resolution multi-spectral satellite sensors. Ground measurements will inform development and application of novel algorithms to map algal bloom extent through time using 0.5-3m spatial resolution multi-spectral satellite imagery. Results will be used to improve snow algae parameterization in a new version of the Snow Ice Aerosol Radiation model (SNICARv3) that includes bio-albedo feedbacks, eventually informing models of ice-free area expansion through incorporation of SNICARv3 in the Community Earth System Model. Citizen scientists will be mentored and engaged in the research through an active partnership with the International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators that frequently visits the region. The cruise ship association will facilitate sampling to develop a unique snow algae observing network to validate remote sensing algorithms that map snow algae with high-resolution multi-spectral satellite imagery from space. These time-series will inform instantaneous and interannual radiative forcing calculations to assess impacts of snow algae and LAPs on regional snow melt. Quantifying the spatio-temporal growing season of snow algae and impacts from black carbon and dust will increase our ability to model their impact on snow melt, regional climate warming and ice-free expansion in the Antarctic Peninsula region.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

________________________________________________________________________________________________Part I: Non-technical SummaryThe Antarctic Peninsula is one of the most rapidly warming regions on the planet.这个5年的时间序列计划将基于与智利南极计划的科学家进行的持续国际合作，以评估温度，光吸收颗粒，雪氧化的生长以及它们对雪和冰融化的辐射强迫效果的作用西方南极半岛。有充分的证据表明，由于气候变暖，这些影响可能正在加剧。温度升高可以增加沿海雪藻的生长速度，并增强粒子的输入，例如黑碳向南极大陆的远距离运输，从加剧了南半球野火季节。粒子和藻类的反馈可以立即对雪熔体产生局部影响，并且对气候的长期区域影响，因为降雪覆盖率减少会改变南极大陆与全球其他气候的相互作用。将使用各种跨多个空间尺度收集的地面和遥感数据。将将地面测量与卫星图像进行比较，以开发新型的计算机算法，以绘制气候变化的冰藻花的影响。预计该项目将从根本上促进对空间和颞藻藻类生长季节的了解，这是量化对区域雪和冰融化的影响所需的。该计划还与国际南极旅游经营者协会建立了牢固的合作伙伴关系，使邮轮乘客成为样本收集的公民科学家。南极研究结果将通过研究西北太平洋地区的圈和雪藻来纳入本科课程和研究机会。 PI将招募和培训有关Cryosphere气候与贝克山有关的研究方法的各种学生。然后，受过训练的本科生将担任当地雪学校的讲师，该学校将中学生带到贝克山，以了解雪科。来自南极和贝克山的结果数据集将在大学课程中使用，以探索气候变化的区域影响。除了增强了西北太平洋地区的基于冰冻圈的基于冰冻圈的本科课程外，PI还将招募和培训各种各样的本科生，以担任贝克山雪学校计划的讲师。该奖项将促进我们对冰冻圈气候反馈的理解，这些反馈可能正在发生变化，并将在温暖的世界中继续发展，同时也增加了代表性不足的学生参与极地地球科学。第2部分：在南极半岛西部的技术摘要快速和持续的气候变暖可能导致雪地藻的增长不断增长，并在沿海地区延长了花朵季节。同样，光吸收颗粒（圈）的沉积到南极冷冻层表面上，例如加剧南半球野火季节的黑碳，以及南极半岛无冰区域的灰尘，可能会增加。雪藻盛开和圈的存在可增强雪和冰面的太阳辐射吸收。这种积极的反馈产生了可测量的辐射强迫，可以对反照率，雪融化和下游生态系统产生局部和长期的区域影响。该项目将调查南极半岛西部地区雪藻，黑碳和灰尘的空间和时间分布，对气候变暖的反应以及它们在区域雪和冰融化中的作用。数据将在从原位场测量和样本收集到图像的多个空间尺度上收集到来自地面照片和高分辨率多光谱卫星传感器的图像。地面测量结果将使用0.5-3M空间分辨率多光谱卫星图像为新型算法的开发和应用以绘制藻华的范围。结果将用于改善雪藻参数化在新版本的Snow Ice Airosol辐射模型（SNICARV3）中，其中包括生物 - 艾尔贝托的反馈，最终通过在社区地球系统模型中掺入SNICARV3来告知无冰面积扩展的模型。公民科学家将通过与经常访问该地区的国际南极旅游经营者协会的积极合作来指导和参与研究。克鲁斯船协会将促进采样，以开发独特的雪藻观察网络，以验证遥感算法，该算法用太空绘制具有高分辨率的多光谱卫星图像的雪藻。这些时间序列将为瞬时和年际辐射强迫计算提供信息，以评估雪藻的影响和膝盖对区域雪融化的影响。量化雪藻的时空生长季节以及黑碳和尘埃的影响将增加我们对南极半岛地区对雪融化，区域气候变暖和无冰膨胀影响的影响的能力。使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的审查标准，通过评估被认为值得支持。