Developing Quantitative Methods to Address Sediment Modification

开发解决沉积物改性问题的定量方法

• 批准号: 2039551
• 负责人: Jay Quade
• 金额: $ 18.21万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2039551&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Developing; Quantitative; Methods; Address; Sediment

This project will study the chemistry of archeological waste in ancient archaeological deposits for clues on the development of animal domestication and associated growth in early human populations. From a geochemical perspective, archaeological sites are highly dynamical features, a complex and overlapping mixture of human and natural sediments and dissolved constituents. Tens of studies over the past two decades have explored these rich geochemical records, providing a new perspective on many aspects of human behavior and human surroundings, their use of space, and plant and animal management. However, such studies have generally overlooked the salt chemistry of ancient archeological sites, and its implications. This is a missed opportunity, especially in some arid land sites where post-occupation modification can be minimal and closed-system retention of some elements is likely. This project proposes to further develop a new way of looking at the geochemistry of arid land archeological sites as a whole, using mass balance modeling. This approach quantifies soluble salt additions and losses to a system to understand the onset and evolution of animal domestication. Results so far demonstrate the power of this model approach for understanding changes in site-use intensity and livestock management over an approximately thousand-year time span.The salt chemistry of the refuse is dominated by animal and human urine salts, which increased steadily over the long term occupation, a reflection of expanding human and domesticated animal populations. The project will also analyze dung biomarkers, ancient gut microbiomes, and pathogens (e.g. Salmonella) that are associated with human and animal waste at the site. This should lead to a better understanding the relationship between animal waste products and ancient pathogens and provide information about disease source and spread. This project will support training of three early career scientists in a variety of geochemical and field monitoring techniques.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目将研究古代考古沉积物中考古废物的化学成分，以寻找早期人类动物驯化发展和相关增长的线索。 从地球化学的角度来看，考古遗址具有高度动态的特征，是人类和自然沉积物以及溶解成分的复杂且重叠的混合物。过去二十年的数十项研究探索了这些丰富的地球化学记录，为人类行为和人类环境、空间利用以及动植物管理的许多方面提供了新的视角。然而，此类研究普遍忽视了古代考古遗址的盐化学及其影响。这是一个错失的机会，特别是在一些干旱的土地上，使用后的改造可能很小，并且可能会保留某些元素的封闭系统。该项目建议利用质量平衡模型进一步开发一种新的方法来研究整个干旱地区考古遗址的地球化学。这种方法量化系统中可溶性盐的添加和损失，以了解动物驯化的开始和演变。迄今为止的结果证明了该模型方法在理解大约一千年的时间跨度内场地使用强度和牲畜管理的变化方面的力量。垃圾的盐化学主要是动物和人类的尿盐，这些盐在过去几年中稳步增加。长期占领，反映了人类和家养动物数量的扩大。 该项目还将分析与现场人类和动物粪便相关的粪便生物标志物、古老的肠道微生物组和病原体（例如沙门氏菌）。 这应该有助于更好地了解动物废物和古代病原体之间的关系，并提供有关疾病来源和传播的信息。该项目将支持对三名早期职业科学家进行各种地球化学和现场监测技术的培训。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。