Collaborative Research: Convective Gravity Waves in the Stratosphere (CGWaveS)

合作研究：平流层对流重力波（CGWaveS）

• 批准号: 2017263
• 负责人: David Fritts
• 金额: $ 169.99万
• 依托单位: GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC TECHNOLOGIES AND SCIENCES, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2017263&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Convective; Gravity; Waves

Gravity waves in the atmosphere occur when a parcel of air is lifted, usually by terrain or updrafts in thunderstorms, and then gravity serves as a force to try to restore the parcel to an equilibrium state. The waves occur as the parcel overshoots its equilibrium point, rising or sinking because of its own momentum. Gravity waves play a large role in the atmosphere due to their ability to affect circulation patterns. This award is for the study of thunderstorm-induced gravity waves in the lower to middle atmosphere, using a research aircraft and remote sensing instruments. The observations will be combined with state-of-the-art numerical models to improve understanding of gravity waves and provide guidance for improving their representation in weather and climate models. The project will provide training opportunities for a number of students and early career researchers and public outreach will be conducted during a facility day and K-12 school visits.The collaborative research team will conduct a field campaign and associated modeling effort to increase understanding of convective gravity wave (CGW) dynamics and their role in atmospheric circulation, structure, and variability from Earth’s surface to the stratopause and above. Gravity waves that are generated by deep convection have not previously been quantified by full-column measurements. The CGWaveS field campaign will be conducted in the central US in June 2022 using the NSF/NCAR G-V research aircraft. The G-V will make in situ measurements using tracers of vertical transport and mixing and remote sensing measurements of radial winds from 15-25km using a Na resonance lidar and temperature and perturbations from 25-60km via a Rayleigh lidar. OH airglow measurements at 85km will provide additional data about the atmospheric structure. Multiple numerical models will be used, including the WRF in idealized and real-case configurations, the GATS Complex Geometry Compressible Atmosphere Model (CGCAM) and ERAU Model for Acoustic-Gravity wave Interactions and Coupling (MAGIC) for CGW responses extending throughout the stratosphere, and the GATS spectral DNS models that can resolve instabilities and turbulence. The measurement campaign and analysis and modeling efforts would focus on four main science goals: 1) Measure and quantify CGW generation, propagation, and variability throughout the troposphere and stratosphere, 2) Identify and quantify the convective source dynamics that dictate CGW character and orientations for a variety of source conditions, 3) Quantify CGW refraction in variable winds, breaking and instability dynamics, mean-flow interactions, and their effects in the stratosphere for a range of environments, and 4) Advance the parameterizations of both CGW generation by WSR-88D measurements and the resulting CGW nonlinear dynamics and influences in the troposphere and stratosphere.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

当一块空气被提升时，大气中会出现重力波，通常是由于地形或雷暴中的上升气流，然后重力会充当力，试图将空气块恢复到平衡状态。当空气块超过其平衡点时，就会出现重力波。重力波因其自身动量而上升或下沉，由于其能够影响环流模式，因此在大气中发挥着重要作用。该奖项旨在利用一项研究来研究中低层大气中雷暴引起的重力波。飞机和遥感这些观测结果将与最先进的数值模型相结合，以提高对重力波的理解，并为改善重力波在天气和气候模型中的表现提供指导，该项目将为许多学生和早期职业提供培训机会。研究人员和公众宣传活动将在设施日和 K-12 学校参观期间进行。合作研究团队将开展实地活动和相关建模工作，以加深对对流重力波 (CGW) 动力学及其在大气环流、结构中的作用的了解，以及从地球表面到平流层顶的变化深层对流产生的重力波此前尚未通过全柱测量进行量化，该活动将于 2022 年 6 月在美国中部使用 NSF/NCAR G-V 研究飞机进行。使用垂直传输和混合示踪剂进行原位测量，使用 Na 共振激光雷达对 15-25 公里处的径向风进行遥感测量，以及来自通过 85 公里处的瑞利激光雷达进行 25-60 公里的气辉测量将提供有关大气结构的额外数据，包括理想化和真实情况配置的 WRF、GATS 复杂几何可压缩大气模型 (CGCAM)。声重力波相互作用和耦合 (MAGIC) 的 ERAU 模型，用于延伸整个平流层的 CGW 响应，以及 GATS 频谱可以解决不稳定和湍流问题的 DNS 模型 测量活动以及分析和建模工作将集中于四个主要科学目标：1）测量和量化整个对流层和平流层的 CGW 生成、传播和变化，2）识别和量化对流。源动力学决定了各种源条件下的 CGW 特征和方向，3) 量化可变风中的 CGW 折射、破碎和不稳定动力学、平均流相互作用及其在平流层中的影响4) 通过 WSR-88D 测量推进 CGW 生成的参数化，以及由此产生的 CGW 非线性动力学和对流层和平流层的影响。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。