Heat stress and host-parasitoid-endosymbiont interactions: Developmental timing and physiological mechanisms of thermal mismatch

热应激和宿主-寄生物-内共生体相互作用：热失配的发育时间和生理机制

• 批准号: 2029156
• 负责人: Joel Kingsolver
• 金额: $ 81.07万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-10-15 至 2024-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2029156&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Heat; stress; host; parasitoid; endosymbiont

Heat waves and other extreme climatic events are becoming increasingly common. Heat waves may disrupt the ecological interactions between insect hosts and their natural enemies, including parasitoids (insects that are parasites of other insects). The proposed studies use lab, greenhouse and field experiments to determine how heat waves alter the interactions between an insect agricultural pest, the Tobacco Hornworm Manduca sexta; its main natural enemy, the parasitoid Cotesia congregata; and a specialized symbiotic virus of the parasitoid that manipulates the physiology and development of the host. The studies test the hypothesis that the developmental timing of heat waves can generate a wide range of ecological outcomes, including successful parasitism and host death, parasitoid and viral death with host rescue and survival to adulthood, and suppression of the virus with production of abnormally large and long-lived caterpillars. The studies will also quantify how effects of heat waves on this host-parasitoid interaction alter hornworm consumption of its Tobacco hostplant, and the consequences for hostplant survival and seed production. These studies will provide a detailed experimental analysis of how heat waves can disrupt host-parasite interactions and result in a wide (but predictable) range of ecological outcomes. Because insect parasitoids are the major natural enemies of many insects, and parasitoids are widely used in biocontrol of important agricultural pests, understanding the consequences of heat waves for host-parasitoid interactions is critical for predicting effects of climate change on agricultural crops and their pests. The project continues outreach projects to both K-12 and adult learners, including hands-on science activities. Extreme climatic events may be of particular importance for hosts, parasites and endosymbionts, because the developmental timing of their life stages is often intricately intertwined. How do physiological differences among hosts, parasites and symbionts affect their responses to thermal events throughout the life cycle, and determine the ecological outcomes of species interactions in complex thermal environments? The proposed studies address these questions using one model system, involving an important agricultural pest and its major control agent: the herbivorous insect host, Manduca sexta; its specialist Braconid wasp parasitoid, Cotesia congregata; and the parasitoid’s endosymbiotic polydnavirus, CcBracovirus (CcBV). The proposed studies use an integrated set of lab, greenhouse and field experiments to explore the hypothesis that, depending on developmental timing, short sublethal heat stress events can produce a wide range of outcomes for parasitized caterpillars—from successful wasp emergence and host death, to complete wasp mortality, abnormal host phenotypes, and even successful host metamorphosis (‘host rescue’). These studies will: A) determine how developmental timing of heat shocks following parasitization alters gene expression of the virus; growth, development and survival of the wasp; and immune responses, developmental physiology, and success of the host caterpillar; B) evaluate whether early heat shocks can rescue caterpillar hosts from parasitization; C) quantify how parasitization and heat shock alter herbivory by caterpillar hosts, and its consequences for hostplant success; D) use experimental field gardens to quantify thermal environmental variation and heat events, and document their consequences for thermal physiology, wasp emergence and host success.This award was supported by the Integrative Ecological Physiology and the Symbiosis, Defense and Self-recognition programs in the division of Integrative Organismal Systems, Biology Directorate.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

热浪和其他极端气候事件越来越普遍。热浪可能会破坏绝缘宿主与其自然敌人之间的生态相互作用，包括寄生虫（昆虫是其他绝缘的寄生虫）。拟议的研究使用实验室，温室和田间实验来确定热浪如何改变绝缘农业害虫之间的相互作用，即烟草Hornworm Manduca Sexta；它的主要自然敌人，寄生虫cotesia congregata；以及一种操纵宿主的生理和发育的寄生虫的专门共生病毒。该研究检验了热浪的发育时机可以产生广泛的生态结果，包括成功的寄生虫和宿主死亡，寄生虫和病毒死亡，寄主救援和成年后的生存以及抑制这种病毒，并产生绝对的大型和长期寿命的毛毛虫。还可以量化热浪对这种宿主寄生虫相互作用的影响如何改变其烟草宿主置剂的Hornworm消耗，以及对宿主置植物存活和种子产生的后果。这些研究将提供详细的实验分析，分析热浪如何破坏宿主 - 寄生虫的相互作用并导致广泛（但可预测的）生态结果范围。因为昆虫寄生虫是许多绝缘材料的主要天然敌人，并且寄生虫被广泛用于重要的农业害虫的生物防治中，因此了解热波对宿主 - 寄生虫相互作用的后果对于预测气候变化对农业作物及其害虫的影响至关重要。该项目继续向K-12和成人学习者（包括动手科学活动）进行外展项目。极端的气候事件对于宿主，寄生虫和内共生体而言可能特别重要，因为他们的生活阶段的发展时机通常是复杂的交织在一起的。宿主，寄生虫和符号之间的身体差异如何影响他们在整个生命周期中对热事件的反应，并确定复杂热环境中物种相互作用的生态结果？拟议的研究使用一个模型系统解决了这些问题，涉及一个重要的农业害虫及其主要控制剂：草食绝缘宿主Manduca Sexta；它的专家Braconid Wasp寄生虫Cotesia congregata；以及寄生虫的内体多鼻病毒，CCBRACOVIRUS（CCBV）。 The proposed studies use an integrated set of lab, greenhouse and field experiments to explore the hypothesis that, depending on developing timing, short sublethal heat stress events can produce a wide range of outcomes for parasitized caterpillars—from successful wasp emergency and host death, to complete wasp mortality, abnormal host phenotypes, and even successful host metamorphosis ('host rescue').这些研究将：a）确定寄生后热冲的时间如何改变病毒的基因表达；黄蜂的生长，发展和生存；宿主毛毛虫的免疫调查，发育生理学和成功； b）评估早期热冲击是否可以挽救毛毛虫宿主免于寄生； c）量化寄生虫和热休克如何改变毛毛虫宿主的草食性，及其对宿主置换剂成功的后果； d）使用实验场花园来量化热环境变化和热量事件，并记录其对热生理学，黄蜂的出现和宿主成功的后果。该奖项得到了综合生态生理学以及共生，国防和自我认识计划的支持，并在综合有机体中，通过诚实的启发，并以nsf的基础来反映nsf的规定，并以此为基础。优点和更广泛的影响审查标准。

项目成果

Responses of Manduca sexta larvae to heat waves

• DOI: 10.1242/jeb.236505
• 发表时间: 2021-04-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Kingsolver, Joel G.;Moore, M. Elizabeth;Hill, Christina A.
• 通讯作者: Hill, Christina A.

Climate‐driven thermal opportunities and risks for leaf miners in aspen canopies

气候驱动的白杨树冠中潜叶虫的热机会和风险

• DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1544
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Ecological Monographs
• 影响因子: 6.1
• 作者: Woods, H. Arthur;Legault, Geoffrey;Kingsolver, Joel G.;Pincebourde, Sylvain;Shah, Alisha A.;Larkin, Beau G.
• 通讯作者: Larkin, Beau G.

Frequent Paternal Mitochondrial Inheritance and Rapid Haplotype Frequency Shifts in Copepod Hybrids

桡足类杂种中频繁的父系线粒体遗传和快速单倍型频率变化

• DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esab068
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Heredity
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Lee, Jeeyun;Willett, Christopher S
• 通讯作者: Willett, Christopher S

Connecting extreme climatic events to changes in ecological interactions

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13820
• 发表时间: 2021-07
• 期刊: Functional Ecology
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: J. Kingsolver;Katherine H Malinski;A. L. Parker

Competing beetles attract egg laying in a hawkmoth

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.12.021
• 发表时间: 2022-01
• 期刊: Current Biology
• 影响因子: 9.2
• 作者: Jin Zhang;Syed Ali Komail Raza;Zhiqiang Wei;I. Keesey;A. L. Parker;Felix Feistel;Jingyuan Chen;Sina Cassau;R. A. Fandino;Ewald Grosse-Wilde;Shuanglin Dong;J. Kingsolver;J. Gershenzon;M. Knaden;B. Hansson