Heat stress and host-parasitoid-endosymbiont interactions: Developmental timing and physiological mechanisms of thermal mismatch

热应激和宿主-寄生物-内共生体相互作用：热失配的发育时间和生理机制

• 批准号: 2029156
• 负责人: Joel Kingsolver
• 金额: $ 81.07万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-10-15 至 2024-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2029156&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Heat; stress; host; parasitoid; endosymbiont

Heat waves and other extreme climatic events are becoming increasingly common. Heat waves may disrupt the ecological interactions between insect hosts and their natural enemies, including parasitoids (insects that are parasites of other insects). The proposed studies use lab, greenhouse and field experiments to determine how heat waves alter the interactions between an insect agricultural pest, the Tobacco Hornworm Manduca sexta; its main natural enemy, the parasitoid Cotesia congregata; and a specialized symbiotic virus of the parasitoid that manipulates the physiology and development of the host. The studies test the hypothesis that the developmental timing of heat waves can generate a wide range of ecological outcomes, including successful parasitism and host death, parasitoid and viral death with host rescue and survival to adulthood, and suppression of the virus with production of abnormally large and long-lived caterpillars. The studies will also quantify how effects of heat waves on this host-parasitoid interaction alter hornworm consumption of its Tobacco hostplant, and the consequences for hostplant survival and seed production. These studies will provide a detailed experimental analysis of how heat waves can disrupt host-parasite interactions and result in a wide (but predictable) range of ecological outcomes. Because insect parasitoids are the major natural enemies of many insects, and parasitoids are widely used in biocontrol of important agricultural pests, understanding the consequences of heat waves for host-parasitoid interactions is critical for predicting effects of climate change on agricultural crops and their pests. The project continues outreach projects to both K-12 and adult learners, including hands-on science activities. Extreme climatic events may be of particular importance for hosts, parasites and endosymbionts, because the developmental timing of their life stages is often intricately intertwined. How do physiological differences among hosts, parasites and symbionts affect their responses to thermal events throughout the life cycle, and determine the ecological outcomes of species interactions in complex thermal environments? The proposed studies address these questions using one model system, involving an important agricultural pest and its major control agent: the herbivorous insect host, Manduca sexta; its specialist Braconid wasp parasitoid, Cotesia congregata; and the parasitoid’s endosymbiotic polydnavirus, CcBracovirus (CcBV). The proposed studies use an integrated set of lab, greenhouse and field experiments to explore the hypothesis that, depending on developmental timing, short sublethal heat stress events can produce a wide range of outcomes for parasitized caterpillars—from successful wasp emergence and host death, to complete wasp mortality, abnormal host phenotypes, and even successful host metamorphosis (‘host rescue’). These studies will: A) determine how developmental timing of heat shocks following parasitization alters gene expression of the virus; growth, development and survival of the wasp; and immune responses, developmental physiology, and success of the host caterpillar; B) evaluate whether early heat shocks can rescue caterpillar hosts from parasitization; C) quantify how parasitization and heat shock alter herbivory by caterpillar hosts, and its consequences for hostplant success; D) use experimental field gardens to quantify thermal environmental variation and heat events, and document their consequences for thermal physiology, wasp emergence and host success.This award was supported by the Integrative Ecological Physiology and the Symbiosis, Defense and Self-recognition programs in the division of Integrative Organismal Systems, Biology Directorate.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

热浪和其他极端气候事件越来越普遍。热浪可能会破坏昆虫宿主与其天敌之间的生态相互作用，包括寄生蜂（其他昆虫的寄生昆虫）。拟议的研究使用实验室、温室和现场实验来确定。热浪如何改变昆虫农业害虫烟草天蛾（Manduca sexta）之间的相互作用；其主要天敌寄生蜂和操纵寄生蜂的特殊共生病毒；这些研究检验了热浪的发育时间可以产生广泛的生态结果的假设，包括成功的寄生和寄主死亡、寄生物和病毒死亡以及寄主的拯救和存活到成年以及抑制。这些研究还将量化热浪对寄主与寄生物相互作用的影响如何改变烟草寄主植物的消耗，以及对寄主植物生存和种子生产的影响。这些研究将对热浪如何破坏宿主与寄生虫的相互作用并导致广泛（但可预测）的生态结果进行详细的实验分析，因为昆虫寄生蜂是许多昆虫的主要天敌，并且寄生蜂广泛用于昆虫。重要农业害虫的生物防治，了解热浪对寄主与寄生物相互作用的影响对于预测气候变化对农作物及其害虫的影响至关重要。该项目继续向 K-12 和成人学习者开展外展项目，包括实践活动。科学极端气候事件对于宿主、寄生虫和内共生体来说可能特别重要，因为它们生命阶段的发育时间往往错综复杂地交织在一起，宿主、寄生虫和共生体之间的生理差异如何影响它们在整个生命周期中对热事件的反应。 ，并确定复杂热环境中物种相互作用的生态结果？拟议的研究使用一个模型系统解决这些问题，涉及一种重要的农业害虫及其主要控制剂：草食性昆虫宿主，其专家；拟寄蜂 Cotesia congregata 和寄生蜂的内共生多 DNA 病毒 CcBracovirus (CcBV) 拟议的研究使用一套综合的实验室、温室和现场实验来探索这样的假设：根据发育时间，短暂的亚致死热应激事件可以产生。寄生毛毛虫的结果多种多样——从黄蜂成功出现和宿主死亡，到黄蜂完全死亡、宿主表型异常，甚至成功这些研究将：A）确定寄生后热休克的发育时间如何改变病毒的生长、发育和存活；以及免疫反应、发育生理学和成功。寄主毛毛虫；B) 评估早期热休克是否可以使毛毛虫宿主免遭寄生；C) 量化寄生和热休克如何改变毛毛虫寄主的食草行为，及其对寄主植物成功的影响；实验田花园量化热环境变化和热事件，并记录其对热生理学、黄蜂出现和宿主成功的影响。该奖项得到了综合生态生理学和综合部门的共生、防御和自我识别项目的支持有机系统，生物学理事会。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Responses of Manduca sexta larvae to heat waves

• DOI: 10.1242/jeb.236505
• 发表时间: 2021-04-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Kingsolver, Joel G.;Moore, M. Elizabeth;Hill, Christina A.
• 通讯作者: Hill, Christina A.

Climate‐driven thermal opportunities and risks for leaf miners in aspen canopies

气候驱动的白杨树冠中潜叶虫的热机会和风险

• DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1544
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Ecological Monographs
• 影响因子: 6.1
• 作者: Woods, H. Arthur;Legault, Geoffrey;Kingsolver, Joel G.;Pincebourde, Sylvain;Shah, Alisha A.;Larkin, Beau G.
• 通讯作者: Larkin, Beau G.

Frequent Paternal Mitochondrial Inheritance and Rapid Haplotype Frequency Shifts in Copepod Hybrids

桡足类杂种中频繁的父系线粒体遗传和快速单倍型频率变化

• DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esab068
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Heredity
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Lee, Jeeyun;Willett, Christopher S
• 通讯作者: Willett, Christopher S

Connecting extreme climatic events to changes in ecological interactions

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13820
• 发表时间: 2021-07
• 期刊: Functional Ecology
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: J. Kingsolver;Katherine H Malinski;A. L. Parker

Competing beetles attract egg laying in a hawkmoth

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.12.021
• 发表时间: 2022-01
• 期刊: Current Biology
• 影响因子: 9.2
• 作者: Jin Zhang;Syed Ali Komail Raza;Zhiqiang Wei;I. Keesey;A. L. Parker;Felix Feistel;Jingyuan Chen;Sina Cassau;R. A. Fandino;Ewald Grosse-Wilde;Shuanglin Dong;J. Kingsolver;J. Gershenzon;M. Knaden;B. Hansson