Collaborative Research: NSFGEO-NERC:Conjugate Experiment to Investigate Sources of High-Latitude Magnetic Perturbations in Coupled Solar Wind-Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Ground System

合作研究：NSFGEO-NERC：研究太阳风-磁层-电离层-地面耦合系统中高纬度磁扰动源的共轭实验

• 批准号: 2027190
• 负责人: James Weygand
• 金额: $ 23.89万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-10-01 至 2024-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2027190&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; NSFGEO; NERC; Conjugate

This is a project that is jointly funded by the National Science Foundation’s Directorate of Geosciences (NSF/GEO) and the National Environment Research Council (UKRI/NERC) of the United Kingdom (UK) via the NSF/GEO-NERC Lead Agency Agreement. This Agreement allows a single joint US/UK proposal to be submitted and peer-reviewed by the Agency whose investigator has the largest proportion of the budget. Upon successful joint determination of an award, each Agency funds the proportion of the budget and the investigators associated with its own investigators and component of the work. This project is to (1) operate, maintain, and expand a high-latitude array of autonomous instruments to support research of the wider geospace research community into the sources of inter-hemispheric asymmetries, (2) conduct focused science investigations to develop understanding of the sources of high-latitude magnetic perturbations in the multi-scale, global, solar wind - magnetosphere – ionosphere – ground (SWMIG) system, including during the 2021 solar eclipse and (3) conduct education and outreach to facilitate broader access to polar research efforts. These objectives will be achieved through an unsurpassed network of closely-spaced magnetically-conjugate magnetometers in Antarctica and in the Northern Hemisphere near the 40 degree magnetic meridian, most of which have already been deployed. This project expands an existing Virginia Tech/Technical University of Denmark partnership to include the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Space Science Institute, and UCLA. Graduate and undergraduate students will be supported, including a special research program to engage students from minority-serving institutions.Measurements of surface magnetic field perturbations are important to remotely sense and characterize the SWMIG phenomena that affect technology – such as geomagnetically induced currents – and thereby to develop physical models and forecast space weather impacts. However, understanding the sources of magnetic perturbations in the coupled SWMIG system is challenging due to their simultaneous dependence on driving conditions, ionospheric conductivity and ground conductivity. We seek to address the following science questions, "How do magnetosphere-ionosphere current systems couple to high-latitude ground magnetic perturbations? What roles do current system spatial scale, inhomogeneous ionospheric conductivity, and inhomogeneous ground conductivity play?" By combining British Antarctic Survey, Technical University of Denmark, and NSF-supported magnetometers, a new combined array will provide unprecedented coverage throughout the auroral zone/cusp in both hemispheres simultaneously. These data enable novel experiments to isolate the respective contributions of driver spatial/temporal scale, ionospheric conductivity, and local ground conductivity in the generation of ground magnetic perturbations. This project includes field work in the Antarctic, supported by both the U.S. Antarctic Program (USAP) and the BAS. USAP and BAS have agreed to support maintenance visits to receiver site locations and to support the retrograde of equipment at the end of the program. BAS and USAP will work collaboratively to deploy an additional instrument to a logistically feasible location that best serves the project. The USAP and BAS have agreed to support this program logistically, with the first field deployment year to be determined after the uncertainties related to the coronavirus pandemic are resolved.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这是一个由国家科学基金会地球科学局（NSF/GEO）和英国国家环境研究委员会（UK）（UK）（UK）共同资助的项目。该协议允许该机构提交和同行评审的一项联合提案，其调查员的预算比例最大。成功确定裁决后，每个机构为预算的比例以及与其自己的调查人员和工作组成部分相关的调查人员提供了资金。该项目是针对（1）操作员，维护和扩展一系列高纬度阵列，以支持广泛的地球上研究社区的研究，以研究杂志间的不对称的来源，（2）进行集中的科学调查，以发展对多层次，全球，巨头风能的高纬度磁性系统的理解，包括在内的高纬度磁性磁源 - IIN-solar-magnet-solar-magnetsoplyseprece（IIN）。 2021年日食和（3）进行教育和宣传，以促进更广泛地获得极地研究工作。这些目标将通过在南极洲和北半球附近的40度磁子午线附近的无与伦比的磁化磁力计；其中大多数已经部署了。该项目扩大了现有的弗吉尼亚技术/丹麦技术大学的合作伙伴关系，包括英国南极调查（BAS），太空科学研究所和加州大学洛杉矶分校。将支持研究生和本科生，包括一项特殊的研究计划，以吸引少数派服务机构的学生。表面磁场扰动的测量对于远程感知和表征影响技术的SWMIG现象很重要，例如GEOMAGNETO诱导的电流 - 从而开发物理模型和预测空间的天气影响。但是，由于它们同时依赖驾驶条件，电离层电导率和地面电导率，因此挑战了耦合SWMIG系统中磁扰动的来源。我们寻求解决以下科学问题：“磁层 - 电离层当前系统如何伴侣伴侣高纬度地面磁扰动？当前系统空间量表，不均匀的电离层电导率和不均匀的地面电导率发挥哪些作用？”通过将英国南极调查，丹麦技术大学和NSF支持的磁力计结合起来，新的组合阵列将在两个半球中提供整个Auroral区域/cusp的前所未有的覆盖范围。这些数据使新的实验能够隔离驱动器空间/时间尺度，电离层电导率和局部地面电导率在地面磁扰动的产生中的贡献。该项目包括南极的现场工作，并得到美国南极计划（USAP）和BAS的支持。 USAP和BAS已同意支持对接收器站点位置的维护访问，并在计划结束时支持设备的逆行。 BAS和USAP将共同努力，将额外的工具部署到最适合该项目的逻辑可行位置。 USAP和BAS已同意从逻辑上支持这项计划，在解决与冠状病毒大流行有关的不确定性之后要确定的第一个现场部署年。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来通过评估来通过评估来支持的。

项目成果

Interhemispheric Asymmetry Due To IMF By Within the Cusp Spherical Elementary Currents

由尖点球面基本电流引起的 IMF 导致的半球不对称

• DOI: 10.1029/2023ja031430
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
• 作者: Weygand, J. M.;Hartinger, M. D.;Strangeway, R. J.;Welling, D. T.;Kim, Hyomin;Matzka, Jürgen;Clauer, C. Robert
• 通讯作者: Clauer, C. Robert

Geomagnetic Disturbances That Cause GICs: Investigating Their Interhemispheric Conjugacy and Control by IMF Orientation

导致 GIC 的地磁扰动：研究其半球共轭性和 IMF 方向的控制

• DOI: 10.1029/2022ja030580
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
• 作者: Engebretson, Mark J.;Simms, Laura E.;Pilipenko, Viacheslav A.;Bouayed, Lilia;Moldwin, Mark B.;Weygand, James M.;Hartinger, Michael D.;Xu, Zhonghua;Clauer, C. Robert;Coyle, Shane
• 通讯作者: Coyle, Shane